The Negative Effects Of Prison Overcrowding - 1361 Words

Introduction There are many prison in the United States, but all the prison are being overcrowded by inmates. What is prison overcrowding? Prison overcrowding is exceeding the numbers of inmates and not having enough beds and space for the inmates (Stohr Walsh, 122). When prison is overcrowded, this means there are less officers in the prisons to take care of the inmates, which becomes a safety concern. Many prisons are over capacity but yet they are still taking in inmates and making the situation worse. Prison overcrowding can have negative affects on the inmates, for example, physical and psychological. Overcrowding Cause Prison overcrowding isn’t something new, this has been happening for decades and no real change has happen†¦show more content†¦unsanitary and unhealthy conditions are rising in the institutions because of overcrowding, there isn’t enough staffing, restrooms, showers, and no is getting the help they need. They are being deprived of medical and mental help because there isn’t enough staffing to get the work done. â€Å"In Nebraska’s prisons, you’ll find people who have waited months to be seen by a doctor for a broken bone, people who have not received medication for serious mental health conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and people who are deaf or blind and have been given no accommodations for their disability† (Miller, 2017). It is unavailable that no help is being given to inmates, some of these inmates are in prison for minor offense and yet treated worse than an animal. Inmates suffer mental break downs, from almost anything, for example, having loud noises can make a person lose their marbles and have a major toll on an inmate when they return to society, for instance, inmates that have return to society try to avoid everyday noise such as door bells, telephones, public places, loud conversation, and much more (Cobb, 76) because they can’t stand the noise, or they become paranoid and have anxiety. They also suffer from stress, high blood pressure, anxiety, and are more vulnerable to illness that around theShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Prison Overcrowding1524 Words   |  7 PagesPrison Overcrowding is a topic that isn’t brought up much in the media. However, it’s one that should be addressed more than it is. Overcrowding puts Correctional Officer’s safety at risk as well as the safety of inmates. There must be a way to reduce the number of inmates or possibly build additional prisons. Prison overcrowding has m any negative effects ranging from sickness, to even death. The first article I want to discuss is â€Å"Underfunded, Overcrowded State Prisons Struggle With Reform†. OnRead MorePrison Overcrowding : A Negative Effect On The Inmates920 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a prison becomes overcrowded its intended mission and goal becomes more difficult for the administration to achieve. It can have adverse effects on the lives of inmates, correctional staff, and even cause those released from prison to fall victim to recidivism after release. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze and research this issue in order to come to some conclusions about this issue, and the credibility of the resources used. Overcrowding in prisons has a negative effectRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1598 Words   |  7 Pagesthe major problem of prison overcrowding and argue that the problem of prison overcrowding would not be ending anytime soon, due to the inadequate attempts by state governments to deal with the inhumane living conditions in overcrowded prisons. This article relates to the topic because the authors analyze how the federal government and some individual states, such as California and Florida, respond to the constrained resources causing unsuitable conditions in overfilled prisons. This source illuminatesRead MoreEffects Of Prison Overcrowding907 Words   |  4 PagesAnother effect is that prisoners must spend more time inside due to the lack of officers to watch them in the outside areas. This results in less time outside in the fresh air and sunshine for the prisoners which lead to their dissatisfaction; unhappy prisoners are harder to control and more fighting is the result. There is also the problem of watching the inmates so that they have to remain inside their small cells for more time during the day. (Prison overcrowding is a growing concern in the URead MoreOvercrowding Of Prisons And Its Effects On Inmates1389 Words   |  6 PagesOvercrowding in Prisons In the United States, the increasing population within prisons contribute to the stress regarding the security of correctional facilities’ and the negative effects on inmates. Overcrowding can be defined as a space with a concentrated number of objects or people in a space beyond comfort. According to Verne Cox, PhD, â€Å"as a group of prison researchers summarized, in the 1980s [...] crowding in prisons is a major source of administrative problems and adversely affects inmateRead More Home Confinement is the Solution to Prison Overcrowding Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesSolution to Prison Overcrowding      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prison overcrowding is one of the largest problems facing the American criminal justice system today. Many people may think this issue does not affect them, but the problem becomes important when overcrowding forces prisoners to be granted early release. In cases of extreme brutality, the sentence served by criminals can be short. Because prison space in the city is tight, each offender can be accommodated only briefly (Punishment). Prison overcrowdingRead MorePrison Overcrowding And Its Effects On The United States Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPer Derek Gilna’s report on Increase in Federal Prison Population, Overcrowding, prisons have become overpopulated throughout a five-year span from 2006 to 2011 (Gilna, page 48). Prison overcrowding has become a plague in the United States for some time now. The US Bureau of Justice Statistics shows more than two-million adults are incarcerated in US federal and state prisons. There are many reasons that prison s are becoming overpopulated but not such a certain cause. To fix the problem, attentionRead MoreIncreased Population of Prisons Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesOvercrowded prisons and improper punishment systems are enormous social issues for our government. The United States has seen steady growth in its prisons. A projected increment in seen due to â€Å"get-tough† policies that locks up offenders for longer sentences (Ohlemacher, 2007, para. 1). The correction system had been through various phases of transformation, and the government had been tough on crime; this approach had resulted in rising prison populations. There are many factors that cause overcrowdingRead MoreCan Racial Profiling Be Justified1612 Words   |  7 Pagesyou’re out† law is in effect in different states around the country. In basic terms, the law requires that any offender that is convicted of three violent crimes must receive a sentence of 25 years to life in prison. The law is aimed at reducing crime by focusing on the small percentage of criminals that commit the majority of violent crimes and felonies. Many systems have been lenient with repeat offenders, allowing them to return to a life of crime after short stints in prison. Sometimes, theseRead MoreProblems With The Three Strikes Legislation1610 Words   |  7 Pagesyou’re out† law is in effect in different states around the country. In basic terms, the law requires that any offender that is convicted of three violent crimes must receive a sentence of 25 years to life in prison. The law is aimed at reducing crime by focusing on the small percentage of criminals that commit the majority of violent crimes and felonies. Many systems have been lenient with repeat offenders, allowing them to return to a life of crime after short stints in prison. Sometimes, these

Personal Statement Save The Planet Essay - 1044 Words

When I was seven years old I got my first animal. A beautiful tiger kitten that I named Kaylee. Kaylee was perfect in every way, and I loved her to bits. Looking back on this memory, I can see that this is the moment my love for animals sprouted, making me a new person. Today I look around, and still marvel in the beauty of all creatures. Creatures that are fluffy, scaly, feathery and everything else! My obsession for pets drove my parents crazy. I have owned a large assortment of animals such as dogs, cats, reptiles, birds, and even a fox. My passion grew larger, and larger. This passion for animals is the reason why the beautiful planet earth, and the preservation of its beauty, has become my career goal. The planet means a lot to me, and now I have a chance to be a part of the change that saves it from global warming. Since my goal is to help save the planet, I am specifically interested in a career that focuses on research. Being that I plan to do research in the future, that mea ns I will most likely have to write up a findings report. This type of career will most likely involve me researching ways to reduce pollution, and other factors that relate to global warming. Because global warming is such a big issue, I should have plenty of research to do on it, whether that be finding more causes of it, or solving already known causes. My report could be on an incredible amount of issues, such as how electric vehicles reduce greenhouse gases. My report could be even moreShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech Outline1028 Words   |  5 PagesGIVE UP SMOKING PROPOSITION: Give up smoking and you will save yourself and the others around you and live in a healthy environment. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES: I want to persuade my audience on how harmful smoking does to the body and giving up the habit is the right way to do because it will literally save their lives and the people around them and the environment as well. SPEECH PLAN ATTENTION STEP: Opening statement: Smoking†¦ What’s in it for you? We all know for a fact that smokingRead MoreShould We Increase Agricultural Yield Without?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesof people and help to improve the planet. World hunger is a problem with no definitive solution and population growth has forced billions of people into extreme poverty and hunger. A myriad of ideas have been suggested to help poverty stricken countries secure methods to increase food production. One of these solutions would result in more of the earth being purged and changed into farmland, which is an option that is not advisable due to the state of our planet after hundreds of years of industrializationRead MoreAnalysis Of Starbucks And Wal Mart Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pagessustainability is proven to be a motor of efficiency and innovation, stakeholders, investors, employees, and customers are demanding companies to focus not only on profits but also that those profits should not come at the expense of people or the planet. Wal-Mart and Starbucks have been early adopters of the sustainability crusade and due to their contrasting approaches towards business have developed two very distinct sustainability models. Thi s paper will analyze the sustainability systems implementedRead MoreWorld Is Not Flat, But Spherical Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween humans and the other natural species on our planet. Cogitation and life for humanity tend to relate hand in hand, and the importance of awareness is survival. To continue living is to survive and to accumulate more experiences. Life is all about existing, and this process is supported by the importance of awareness. In this sense all humans are connected by the need to survive. This statement is true for our ecosystem as well. Our planet is alive, and has displayed warning signs of decay.Read MoreComparison Of Interstellar, By Christopher Nolan, And Station Eleven By Emily Mandel1560 Words   |  7 Pagesand Kirsten are the puzzle pieces that connect their stories together. For example, Murph cracks the code of the theory of gravity with the help of her â€Å"ghost,† her father within the third dimension, providing her the missing infor mation that saves their planet from extinction. All that time, Murph tediously trying to figure out what her ghost was trying to communicate, Murph finally makes the realization that â€Å"he came back! It was him! All this time... I... I didn t know it was him. On the otherRead MoreMaintaining A Balance Between Work And Life895 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires a determined mindset to perform activities that will benefit a person’s career success, self-care, and personal relationships. This statement is truer for professional employees and workers. Nowadays, the task of balancing between office and home means something must be given up. In most cases, the sacrifice is the employee’s time to take care of himself, take care of his personal fitness. Science has proven that working out and adopting a healthy diet will not only reduce stress, but theyRead MoreThe Success Of The Geico Advertisement Campaign983 Words   |  4 Pageshis cell phone rings. When he picks up, his mother is on the other side of the line complaining about his father refusing to hire pest control to get rid of the squirrels, as it is personal this time. The commercial then goes on to say, if you are a mom you call at the worst time, it is what you do. If you want to save 15 percent on car insurance you switch to Geico. It s what you do (Mother Knows Best, 2015). This paper will discuss the success of the Geico advertisement. Success of Campaign Read MoreClimate Change is a Natural Phenomenon1556 Words   |  7 Pagesdoom for our planet. At the forefront of this effort, Al Gore has been one of the largest activists for supporting the claims of the demise of the earth’s climate. As author of the best-selling book, An inconvenient truth and 2007 Nobel Prize winner, shifted the world’s attention to climatism. The ideology of climatism has been directed towards the belief that only the earth’s climate will be damaged but not the planet with the blame placed on greenhouse gas emissions. In a statement to the SenateRead MorePros And Cons1042 Words   |  5 Pagesrace for energy that we call industrialization. â€Å"The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) warns that, given the current trends, energy-related emissions will increase by seventy percent by 2050† (Rogers). At this rate our planet is doomed to become a wasteland. Investigations have shown that inconceivable cata strophic changes will take place if the global temperature continues to rise. The polar ice caps are already melting, which can lead to rising sea levels. In additionRead MoreReducing You Personal Usage1510 Words   |  7 PagesReducing your Personal Energy Use Reducing your Personal Energy Use Ever since the human settlements and their population place pressure on the environment through the increasing demand for water, energy and land, and also through the production of wastes that includes greenhouse gas emission. These impacts can also be regard as direct, through the use of water, energy, and land, or indirect, through the production and distribution of goods and services that household consumes. There is evidence

Wan (Lily) Fu . April 22, 2017 . Psychology 220 . Judge

Wan (Lily) Fu April 22, 2017 Psychology 220 Judge on the Genders My very traditional parents developed a very gender-biased way of thinking as they were growing up, so they incorporated those ideas while raising my brother and I. They believed only certain genders should be doing certain things. Because of their views, my brother was treated differently than I was. My brother was always pushed to be the man of the house and to be served, while I was put to work and studying. By the time I was in second grade, I was doing household chores, translating for my parents, and doing homework from both chinese school and american school as for my brother, he was able to hang with girls and play sports. My parents never allowed me to complain†¦show more content†¦Just like men, they could be flexible with their muscles just like male gymnast. There are no significant gender differences that were found in the strengths to muscle cross-sectional area also known as CSA ratio on knee extension or elbow flexion (Miller et al). That allows women to build body mass and muscles just as men and there are no difference in flexibility so men are able to compete just like women for example like the olympics. There are a lot of sports now that women and men are able to play like football, soccer, softball, swim, and etc. However, competitions are split male and male and female versus female. This is made to make sure the woman that aren’t as athletic are in harm but on occasions some schools and activities they are allowed to play against each other for fun and training. A recent study that had a coach from Germany and Canada train both genders and see their cohesion- performance similarities. The analysis revealed that both male and female have the same strive, stamina and performance (Eys et al). Female and males have the sam e goals and performance, one of their similarities are genitals. Most people distinguish Penis is male and vagina is female. However, this dichotomy isn’t quite correct because the genitals emerge from the same mass of embryonic tissue. During the first weeks of development the tissue is develop identically and when the tissues are developed the fetus either has XX or XY chromosomes and that is when the

Original Writing The Assassination Free Essays

The Assassin lay in wait. She knew what she had to do, where to be, where to hide and at what time. She also knew who the victim was. We will write a custom essay sample on Original Writing: The Assassination or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, all she needed to do was wait. She had perched herself in the neighbouring chimney. Her research had been done. The owners of the house were away on holiday. The house was hers. While she waited, the smell in the chimney was pungent. God what had they burnt in here? She could literally taste what had been burning. Pleasant thoughts were trying to take over the smell of the chimney. It was starting to work until her concentration was broken by the sound of a car pulling into a driveway. The target was sighted. No, wait. It was the victim’s son. He didn’t matter; as long as he kept out of the way he would not fall to the same fate as his father. She thought about how much was staked on her to leave no recognition, to the police, that there had ever been anyone there. She never did of course; she was a professional. Her finger found the trigger of the rifle and gripped tightly. The question was asked to herself as to why she was so worried as to killing her target. She had done it many a time and was the government’s first choice to do this assassination. A few cars passed on the dark, lonely road leading up to the driveway that was gloomy in the night sky. She sighed heavily, her sigh passed down the chimney and through the rest of the house. The silent wait continued†¦ The silence of the night was deafening. The force of the rain was extremely light but the Assassin was soaked right through to the bone. Somewhere in the distance a dog barked. Washington D. C’s weather was so lousy this time of year. The darkness was descending slowly, the house, from where the assassin was perched, was dark, lonely and frightening. Lightening flashed above the house. In the lightening, the assassin looked like a zombie. The wind became stronger as the night dragged slowly on. The lights that ran parallel with the street were all burning brightly except for one. The only one that wasn’t working was the seventh one along. It was the one right outside the house. The rain had ceased now. The tarmac glistened after the rain had stopped. The line of shrubbery reminded the killer of a war movie she had seen recently. ‘The Front Line’. That was the name of the film. Some teenagers passed by the house. They looked a bit drunk. The wind carried the dead leaves along the ground and through the air. The Assassin heard a noise approaching to her left†¦ She stubbed out her cigarette as the silver Mercedes(tm) turned off the road onto the muddy, rutted path leading to the house. The Assassin noted that the car had defective windscreen wipers; there were mud streaks on the side and a damaged bumper. As the car came to a stop outside the house, Her victim checked his watch; it was time for his favourite Radio Programme. So he sat inside of his car, turned on the radio and listened to it in comfort. The Assassin cursed herself. Why wasn’t he getting out of the car? She heard the music go on, so she lifted her rifle and looked through the scope. He was sitting with a bottle of Baileys, listening to the Radio. She waited a bit longer. Eventually, he got out. John, now drunk, looked at his badge on his suit. It said ‘John Kerry’. Even though it was not raining, John stupidly put up his umbrella†¦ The assassin grinned to herself. She was finally going to get her kill. John was staggering left and right, which meant her shot, would have to be even more accurate. But, luckily for her, he was about the length of 3 Double Decker buses away from the front door. She lifted the rifle’s scope to the man. She took aim, the trigger contracted into the gun. As if by pure luck, the man tripped and fell right at the last second, causing the bullet to narrowly miss its destination. She couldn’t believe it. Anger swelled up inside her. She punched the gun so hard that it went unnoticed that the silencer fell off to the ground below. Reloading her gun was quite hard while she was shaking. The sight was lifted again and the shot was fired. This time it hit him right in the heart. He went flying into a nearby wall. The force of the blow scattered all of his personal belongings out of his suit. The deed had been done. She wiped the sweat from her brow as she was clearing up. But as she was cleaning up her thoughts went back to the shot. Could the shot have been heard? The floor of the chimney was searched but she couldn’t find the silencer. Then her worst fears came true. Lights in the nearby house shot on. Then her thoughts were broken by the sound of a low groan coming from the driveway from across the way. John was crawling towards his mobile phone. Her items were dropped to the bottom of the chimney. She thrust her body off the roof, causing her to roll across the ground. A dagger was pulled from her belt and was driven towards her victim. Her foot connected with the bottom of his jaw and the mobile phone; causing only the mobile to scatter. He was grabbed by the neck of his suit by the Assassin and his throat slit. He died instantly. The Assassin stood up and walked towards the end of the driveway until she was stopped in her tracks by a mysterious figure at the doorway to Kerry’s house†¦ It was John’s son, William. He was wielding a machete. William was quick but not as quick as the assassin. The second he raised the blade to charge, the murderer turned and threw the dagger, with perfect accuracy and precision, straight into the thigh of the victim’s son. His eyes opened wide but, as she intended, he was stopped in his tracks. He tried his hardest to concentrate on the assassin. The pain was excruciating. He staggered forward, unaware that the assassin was starting to make a run for it and the neighbours watching. They stared in disbelief as he pulled the dagger out of his thigh and attempted to give chase but was no match for her speed. He thought she had gotten away until one of the neighbours, named Terry, offered him a lift in his car. Terry and William drove quietly along the dark road following the assassin. The assassin thought she had lost him but then she seen two bright lights coming towards her. Using her swiftness, she ran and blended in with the bushes leading to the park. The car pulled onto the kerb and the doors slowly opened. She put her hand on her handgun. Just in case. They got out of the car slowly and carefully proceeded through the park. Suddenly Terry disappeared into the bushes causing William to jump. He investigated the bush to find Terry. He found Terry with a sleeper dart hanging from his neck. William left him. He went into the shrubs at the side. He had a hunch. She looked back out of the shrubs only to find that he had disappeared. Her hand loosened slightly on the handgun. She felt a crack in the back of her head as she went flying forward into the clearing. As she got up William was upon her like a shot. As she fought wildly to get him off her hand found something to be hard and sharp. Unfortunately for her William found the same item and they held the item between them each trying to stab each other. She identified the item as her dagger. But her taking her eyes away from the struggle gave William the chance he needed to rip the dagger free from her grasp. As he brought the knife down into her chest as she found her gun, put to the back of his throat and pulled the trigger. William lay motionless. She felt a sharp pain in her chest – what could it be? She wondered, gasping or breathe. Slowly opening her jacket, the assassin felt shocked when she realised that the blood was hers. She was feeling light headed now and cold. Maybe she needed a sit down to rest her eyes. Yes, that is what she decided to do. It was mid afternoon the following day when the police found them – William still lay motionless and pale. The assassin looked peaceful – as if she were asleep. Why was it that she killed John Kerry? I guess we might never find out†¦ How to cite Original Writing: The Assassination, Papers

Brave New World free essay sample

The mindset the government had was they were constantly making newer and better technology to create â€Å"perfect† individuals without error. The mockery made him feel an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him and intensified the contempt and hostility aroused by his physical defects. Which in turn increased his sense of being alien and alone. A chronic fear of being slighted made him avoid his equals, made him stand, where his inferiors were concerned, self-consciously on his dignity. this direct quote is an exact example of the society we live in today. Mainly women, with some men think they are ugly. It seems as if many Americans believe that plastic surgery is the answer to becoming beautiful. Our culture is not accepting to the fact that most people living in this world are happy with the way their body and looks are. Self consciousness is the main reason for a person in this day and age to change the way they loo k by injecting harmful chemicals into their bodies. This is a perfect illustration of how the break of the natural choice procedure can do helter-skelter harm to a societyInstead of giving out drugs to assist maintain alive people ( people who might hold been dead without them ) , eugenics can be used to reassure that there are no bad defects in person whence they are born. Think of all the disabled people that are born ( Armless, legless, blind, deaf, retarded, etc? ) . Alternatively of prolonging these people after birth, there should hold been a manner to forestall all of these defects from happening in general. If we were to use some kind of scientific discipline to keep a healthy babe at birth, we might non be earnestly interrupting the natural choice process.When most people think of eugenics, the first thing that comes to mind would hold to be Hitler. What we must retrieve is that Hitler # 8217 ; s signifier of eugenics is non what I am deducing here. Eugenicss consumed the German medical, biological and societal scientific c ommunities in the decennary before World War II. Many doctors and scientists were frenetic about menaces they saw to the familial wellness of the state posed by the presence of inferior populations such as Hebrews, Gypsies, Slavs and, and African people. The stairss they took to protect against the public wellness catastrophe of a contaminated race were so atrocious, and so immoral that they have changed all undermentioned treatment of the moralss of both human genetic sciences and eugenics. The things to retrieve when utilizing a technique such as eugenics, is that there is no grounds to back up the biological theory of the unconditioned lower status of races or the biological high quality of specific cultural groups. Th is was the chief apprehension of Hitler which led to the Holocaust. In using eugenics, one must maintain in head that they can non coerce sterilisation of person, commit infanticide or race murder, and most surely can non coerce person to partake upon utilizing eugenics to organize a kid that is to their liking.The effects of such a system of birth on our society is one that may come extremely pleasant if the right safeguards are taken. As seen in the film Gattaca, one must non organize a prejudiced position towards those who have non been conceived through the usage of eugenics. That is why medical history of those who were born through eugenics should non be revealed to anyone, and there should be no manner for one to happen out if they have been or have non. Parents should non handle their childs otherwise based on the thought upon them received through the usage or absence of eugenics. This is comparable to Frankenstein in a manner. Though Frankenstein created the monster, he sho uld hold treated it with the regard that it deserves since it was now a life as any other. With the deficiency of this intervention the monster is enraged and hence wreaks mayhem. If we don’t handle the people the same either with eugenics or without eugenics, there will merely be a batch of civil agitation boulder clay a accelerator comes along to organize a civil war between eugenic people and non-eugenic people. This is in kernel the same theory behind the NATO bombings.Eugenics is non a bad thing when it comes to presenting it to an unformed egg. Without it, the universe as we know it will be faced with overpopulation which will take to many other things. To house the overpopulated people of the universe, new edifices will hold to be built, which in bend will take to the devastation of more wood and farm country. To feed the people, we must utilize up more of our country’s agriculture resources. To suit the people, we deplete our already decreasing fossil resources even more. Eugenics helps this cause in a sense, that the government/people no longer hold to back up those born with a batch of familial defects. Alternatively of person with no custodies lasting through the aid of the authorities, the authorities could hold put that money back into the economic system and that individual could hold been making farming or something worthwhile if they had been exposed through a procedure of eugenics.In decision, the usage of eugenics to assist decide our natural choice jobs would be rather executable in our society. It can be seen as a safe manner to keep a steady population of healthy, hardworking people without the drawbacks of familial drosss. 338

Coats NA, Agile or Lean

Introduction Background to the study Coat NA is a subsidiary of a multinational company based in the United Kingdom. The firm operates in the United States and primarily deals with thread. Currently, the firm is ranked as the largest manufacturer and supplier of sewing thread (Advemag Incorporation, 2010, para. 1). Its current net wroth is estimated to be US $1.6 billion of the total Coats Public Limited Company net worth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coats NA, Agile or Lean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the firm’s operations are business to business in nature. During the late 1990’s, the firm had a superior performance in its domestic market. This resulted from the fact that there was a significant manufacturing base in the United States. During its 1990s, the firm relied on a traditional supply chain. However, a significant change occurred in the United States leading into a transfo rmation of the business environment. Most of its customers were shifting their operational base to other countries especially those located in Asia. This posed a threat to the firm’s operation considering the fact that 70% of its assets were in the United States. After the shift, only 20% of the firm’s customers would remain in US. There was also a reduction in turnover in the American and European markets during the period ranging fro 2000 to 2008. It was only in Asia where turnover was on an upward trend. In its US market, Coats NA was faced with a challenge due to misalignment of its asset base and customer base. This means that the firm was faced with a dire need of making a change to both its supply chain network and supply chain process. Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000, p.4061) are of the opinion that consumers are a key determinant in the performance of a firm’s supply chain. Considering the nature of the challenge that the firm is faced with regard to supply chain, the firms management team has to make a decision on the most appropriate initiative to improve its supply chain. Some of the choices available to the firm entail whether to incorporate the concept of leanness or agility in its supply chain management. According to Sabri and Shaikh (2000, p.6), these two supply chain management strategies can lead to an improvement in the firm’s operation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim The aim of the report is to evaluate the most appropriate strategy with regard to lean and agile supply chain management strategies which Coat NA should adopt in an effort to improve its market performance. Scope The report is organized into a number of sections. The first section entails background information of Coat NA. In this section, the challenges facing the firm’s supply chain are identified. The concept of lean and agility are discussed in the literature review section. The analysis section establishes the link between agility and lean management in Coat NA. In addition, the section also illustrates the strategies being adopted by the firm in an effort to resolve the issues faced by the firm and eliminate the tension between agile and lean. Finally, the effect of the changes to the firm and the concluding remarks are given. Literature review Key aspects of lean and agile in the supply chain According to Thomas, Stanley and Anthony (2006, p.1), agility and lean management concepts have been increasingly adopted by firms management teams in an effort to manage their supply chain. Some of the main factors leading to their increased adoption are their effectiveness in reducing cost, developing a firm’s competitive advantage and improving customer service. The concept of lean mainly entails elimination of various forms of wastes which might result into the firm incurring loss. Lean thinking emphasizes that all activities which utilize a firm’s resource and does not create any value for the customer should be eliminated. Supply Chain Digest (2010, para. 5) asserts that lean as an approach to supply chain management enables a firm’s management team to determine the intrinsic value in a particular product. In order to attain this, the concept of value stream is integrated which enables the firm’s management team to analyze the necessary flow of information and material in the production process (Tapping, Luyster, Shuker, 2002, p.54). The resultant effect is that a firm is able to produce goods based on market demand. According to Supply Chain Digest (2010, para/ 4), a firm’s management team is able to forecast demand for the goods based on the market feedback received from next tier distributors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coats NA, Agile or Lean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that actual orders are not used in forecasting demand. As a supply chain management concept, lean management also enables a firm to eliminate waste in relation to time (Mason-Jones, Naylor Towill, 2000, p.4061). In lean systems, the demand horizons are usually shorter. In addition, the entire supply chain is dependent on finished inventory (Basu Wright 2007, p.65). With regard to agile systems, the core focus entails responding to customer demand more efficiently. In their consumption process, the core objective of consumers is to maximize their utility. Consumers have got diverse product and services requirement. In supply chain management, agility enables a firm to address unique customers’ demand. In order to achieve this, make-to-order (MTO) concept is utilized in the manufacturing process in an effort to fulfill the order. This means that a firm which has incorporated the concept of agility depends on well known demand rather than speculative no tions. Therefore, the firm does not commit its resources unless it is aware of the market demand. Analysis Carrying inventory whose worth is 70 days underscores the fact that Coat NA had adopted a lean system in its operation. The core objective of this inventory was to enable the firm meet the market demand within a short period. However, there are costs associated with holding inventory for a long duration. According to Callioni, De-Montgros, Slagmulder, Van-Wassenhove and Wright (2005, p.135), holding a product for a long period results into reduction in its value. In extreme situations, the product may become obsolete. Holding inventory for a considerable long duration is a disadvantage to the firm’s operation. This arises from the fact that there is a high probability of mismatches occurring between demand and supply. This may lead into the firm holding excess inventory and hence the cost involved. Considering the fact that the firm’s operations are mostly B2B in nature, the firm may experience loss due to price protection costs. Callioni, De-Montgros, Slagmulder, Van-Wassenhove and Wright (2005, p.135) define price protection cost as the cost incurred by distributors as a result of a decline in the price of goods they are holding in their shelves.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other costs which the firm may incur include obsolescence cost which represents loss incurred on unsold products due to introduction of new models. Despite the Coat NA’s capacity to reduce demand horizon via holding inventory, the decision is not appropriate considering the high inventory carrying cost involved. In its operation, Coats NA is faced with a challenge due to change in customer base. This limits the firm’s profitability potential within its American market. According to Bruce, Daly and Towers (2004, p.151-170), the textile industry is very dynamic. In addition, the industry is also very volatile and has a short product lifecycle. In order to succeed, it is vital for firms in the industry to have a quick response. Lack of agility is one factor which has contributed into the recent poor performance of Coat NA. In an effort to improve its performance via reduction of the amount of inventory held, the firm’s management team adopted the i2’s invent ory optimization. Incorporation of such a model would play a significant role in reducing inventory carrying cost. This arises from the fact that the core objective of this model is to ensure that a firm only holds the appropriate level of inventory. This enables a firm to minimize the holding cost via elimination of excess inventory. Despite the firm conducting a series of improvement in its supply chain, the firm retained the Make-To-Stock strategy. This limits the firm’s operation efficiency via an increment in the cost of operation. Lack of agility in its supply chain management also means that the firm’s capacity to satisfy customer requirements via provision of products which are in line with the market demand is limited. This is one of the reasons explaining the shift in customer base. Adoption of decision support systems In order to resolve the conflict between lean and agile, the firm’s management team has adopted new technology in its supply chain mana gement. One of the most notable changes is implementation of Advanced Planning and Scheduling/Optimization (APS) which is a component of Decision Support System (DSS). Through this system, the firm has been able to forecast market demand effectively. The resultant effect is that Coat NA manufacturing processes have become aligned with the market demand. This has played a significant role in the firm’s effort to reduce the amount of inventory. For example, due to effective forecasting of demand, the firm’s management team has been able to cut down finished goods inventories with a margin of 48%. In addition obsolete inventories have been reduced by 63%. Adaption of the APO software has also enabled the firm to attain agility in its operation. This is evident in that the firm has adopted make-to-order strategy in its manufacturing process which has been necessitated by its ability to forecast demand (Gregory, 1998, p.6). As a result of increased efficiency in its optimiz ation process, the firm has been able to reduce its average lead-time from 20 to 7 days. Lean production Misalignment of the firm’s asset and customer base is one of the challenges that the firm is facing. This explains the significant reduction in the firm’s turnover in its American market. Through introduction of the APO software, the firm has been able to solve this problem to a given level. The firm’s management team has been able to align its assets with the existing customer base. By attaining effectiveness in forecasting, the firm assigns production depending on the manufacturing site. In an effort to improve its supply chain strategy, the firm’s management team has retained its lean management strategy. This is evident in the fact that the firm manufactures its products from a single point depending on the market forecast and distributes them to other markets. Most of the predictable product lines are produced in Romania while those which are not are locally manufactured. As a result, the firm has been able to attain low cost in its manufacturing process. Integration of agile supply chain management strategy In order to determine the quantity of product to produce, Coat NA uses sales information generated by the APO software. The information adopted is usually real time in nature which has made the firm to attain flexibility. Real time information has also enabled the firm to be able to manufacture specific customer orders. Consequence of the changes Incorporation of the above strategies will result into an improvement in the firm’s competitive advantage in a number of ways. For example, ability to forecast demand via optimization will enable the firm to attain cost minimization objective via a number of ways such as reduction in the quantity of finished goods inventories held and elimination of obsolescence cost. Through attainment of agility, the firm will be able to improve its profitability potential via deliverin g products which are in line with market demand. This means that the firm will be able to minimize uncertainty with a certain degree. According to Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000, p.4063), the fashion and textile products are characterized by a high degree of demand uncertainty. This will culminate into minimization of obsolescence and stock-out risk. Forecasting using the APO software will ensure that the firm’s management team emphasizes on the concept of value stream. This will result into alignment of supply and demand thus increasing the firm’s capacity to respond to market changes. Conclusion From the case, it is evident that the Coat NA is faced with numerous challenges with regard to its asset and customer base. This threats the firm’s survival as a going concern entity. In order to deal with this situation, the firm’s management team is charged with a responsibility of making changes to its supply chain management. One of the main challenges relates to the decision on the supply chain management strategy to adopt. Over the years, the firm has been operating on a traditional supply chain. However, changes in the market have stimulated the need for change in its operation. To deal with the two challenges, the firm’s management team should conduct an improvement in its supply chain management. The improvement should be conducted in such a way that the concepts of agile and leanness are put into consideration. In order to improve its supply chain management, the firm incorporated decision support systems. Integration of Information Technology (IT) in the firm’s operation will improve the firm’s capacity to deal with market changes considering the dynamic nature of the industry. In addition, lean and agility in its production process will enable the firm the firm to deliver value to its customers. In its implementation process, the firm’s management team should consider the nature of demand for t he product. Lean strategy should be applied to products with relatively stable demand while agile strategy should be applied to those with unstable demand. Reference List Advameg Incorporation. 2010. Company profile: information, business description,  history, background information on Coast plc. (online). Basu, R. Wright, J. 2007. Total supply chain management. [E-book]. New Jersey: Butter worth Heinnemann. Callioni, G., De-Montgros, X., Slagmulder, R., Wassenhove, L. Wright, L. 2005. Inventory driven cost. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 135-141. Gregory, D. 1998. Make-to-order versus make-to-stock in a production inventory system  with general production times. (online). New York: IIE Transactions. Mason-Jones, R., Naylor, B. Towilli, D. 2000. Lean, agile or leagile? Matching your supply chain to the market place. International journal of production. Vol. 38, issue 17, pp. 4061- 4070. Sabri, E. Shaikh. 2010. Lean and agile value chain management: a guide to the next  level of improvement. New Jersey: J. Ross Publishing. Supply Chain Digest. 2010. How do lean, agile and â€Å"leagile† supply chain strategies. Web. Tapping, D., Luyster, T. Shuker, T. 2002. Value stream management: eight steps to  planning, mapping and sustaining lean improvements.[ebook] New York: Productivity Press. Thomas, G. Stanley, G. Anthony, R. 2006. Modeling lean, agile and leagile supply chain strategies. Journal of business logistics. Vol. 3, issue 5, pp. 1-12. New York: BnET Business Owners. This report on Coats NA, Agile or Lean was written and submitted by user Lilly Cunningham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Everything You Need to Know About Adobe

Everything You Need to Know About Adobe Adobe is essentially a dried mud brick, combining the natural elements of earth, water, and sun. It is an ancient building material usually made with tightly compacted sand, clay, and straw or grass mixed with moisture, formed into bricks, and naturally dried or baked in the sun without an oven or kiln. In the United States adobe is most prevalent in the hot, arid Southwest. Although the word is often used to describe an architectural style- adobe architecture- adobe is actually a building material.  Adobe bricks have been used around the world, including near the muddy river areas of ancient Egypt and the ancient architecture of the Middle East. It is used today but also found in primitive architecture: mud bricks were used even before the grand ancient stone temples of Greece and Rome. Construction methods and the composition of adobe- the recipe- vary according to climate, local customs, and the historical era. Adobes strength and resilience vary with its water content: too much water weakens the brick. Todays adobe is sometimes made with an asphalt emulsion added to help with waterproofing properties. A mixture of Portland cement and lime may also be added. In parts of Latin America, fermented cactus juice is used for waterproofing. Although the material itself is naturally unstable, an adobe wall can be load bearing, self-sustaining, and naturally energy efficient. Adobe walls are often thick, forming a natural insulation from the environmental heat that creates and sustains the material. Todays commercial adobe is sometimes kiln-dried, although purists may call these clay bricks. Traditional adobe bricks need about a month of drying in the sun before they can be used. If the brick is mechanically compressed, the adobe mixture needs less moisture and the bricks can be used almost immediately, although purists may call these compressed earth bricks. About the Word Adobe In the United States, the word adobe is said with the accent on the second syllable and the last letter pronounced, as in ah-DOE-bee. Unlike many architecture words, adobe does not originate in Greece or Italy. It is a Spanish word that does not originate in Spain. Meaning the brick, the phrase at-tuba comes from Arabic and Egyptian languages.  As Muslims migrated across northern Africa and into the Iberian Peninsula, the phrase was transformed into a Spanish word after the eighth century CE. The word entered our English language through the colonization of America by Spain after the 15th century. The word is widely used in the southwestern United States and Spanish speaking countries. Like the building material itself, the word is ancient, going back to the creation of language- derivations of the word have been seen in ancient hieroglyphics. Materials Similar to Adobe Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) resemble adobe, except they usually do not contain straw or asphalt, and they generally are more uniform in size and shape. When adobe is NOT formed into bricks, its called puddled adobe, and is used like the mud material in cob houses. The material is mixed and then thrown in lumps to gradually create an earthen wall, where the mixture dries in place. In the Natural Building Blog, Dr. Owen Geiger,  Director of the Geiger Research Institute of Sustainable Building, contends that Native Americans used puddled adobe before the Spanish introduced adobe brick-making methods. Preservation of Adobe Adobe is resilient if well-maintained. One of the oldest known structures in the U.S. is made from adobe bricks, the San Miguel Mission in Santa Fe, New Mexico, built between 1610–1628. Preservationists at the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior provide guidance on historic preservation, and their Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings (Preservation Brief 5) published in August 1978 has been the gold standard for keeping this building material maintained. Constant monitoring of deterioration sources, including the breakdown of mechanical systems like leaky plumbing, is the most important part of maintaining an adobe structure. It is the nature of adobe buildings to deteriorate, we are told in Preservation Brief 5, so careful observation of subtle changes and performing maintenance on a regular basis is a policy which cannot be over emphasized. Problems usually have more than one source, but the most common are (1) poor building, design, and engineering techniques; (2) too much rainwater, ground water, or watering of surrounding vegetation; (3) wind erosion from windblown sand; (4) plants taking root or birds and insects living within the adobe walls; and (5) previous repairs with incompatible building materials. Traditional Methods of Construction To maintain historic and traditional adobe, its best to know traditional methods of construction so that repairs can be compatible. For example, true adobe bricks must be assembled with a mud mortar of properties similar to the adobe. You cant use cement mortar because its too hard  - that is, the mortars cannot be stronger than the adobe brick, according to preservationists. Foundations are often constructed of masonry red brick or stone. Adobe walls are load-bearing and thick, sometimes braced with buttresses. Roofs are usually wooden and laid flat, with horizontal rafters covered with other materials. The familiar vigas projecting through the adobe walls are really the timber parts of the roof. Traditionally, the roof was used as additional living space, which is why wooden ladders are often propped up alongside an adobe home. After the railroads enabled the transport of building materials to the American Southwest, other roof types (e.g., hipped roofs) began to appear atop adobe brick buildings. Adobe brick walls, once in place, are usually protected by applying a variety of substances. Before an exterior siding is applied, some contractors may spray on insulation for added thermal protection- a dubious practice in the long term if it allows the bricks to retain moisture. Since adobe is an ancient building method, traditional surface coatings may include substances that seem odd to us today, such as fresh animal blood. More common sidings include: mud plaster, a mixture of elements the same as the adobe brick mixturelime plaster, a mixture containing lime, which is harder than mud, but more prone to crackingwhitewash, a mixture preservationists describe as ground gypsum rock, water, and claystucco, a relatively new form of siding for naturally dried adobe bricks- cement stucco does not stick to traditional adobe bricks, so wire mesh must be used Like all architecture, construction materials and methods of building have a shelf-life. Eventually, adobe bricks, surface coverings, and/or roofing deteriorate and must be repaired. Preservationists recommend following these general rules: Unless youre a professional, dont try to fix it yourself. Patching and repairing adobe bricks, mortar, rotting or insect-ridden wood, roofs, and surfacing agents should be handled by seasoned professionals, who will know to use matching construction materials.Repair any problem sources before beginning anything else.For repairs, use the same materials and building methods that were used to build the original structure. The problems created by introducing dissimilar replacement materials may cause problems far exceeding those which deteriorated the adobe in the first place, preservationists warn. Adobe is a formed-earth material, a little stronger perhaps than the soil itself, but a material whose nature is to deteriorate. The preservation of historic adobe buildings, then, is a broader and more complex problem than most people realize. The propensity of adobe to deteriorate is a natural, ongoing process....Competent preservation and maintenance of historic adobe buildings in the American Southwest must (1) accept the adobe material and its natural deterioration, (2) understand the building as a system, and (3) understand the forces of nature which seek to return the building to its original state. - National Park Service, Preservation Brief 5 Adobe Is Not Software Since the first Earth Day, people from all walks of life have found a calling advocating for natural building methods that will help save the earth. Earth-based products are naturally sustainable- you are building with the materials that surround you- and energy efficient. The folks at Adobe is not Software are just one of many groups in the Southwest devoted to promoting the benefits of adobe construction through training. They offer hands-on workshops on both making adobe and building with adobe. Adobe is more than software even in the high-tech world of southern California. Most of the largest commercial manufacturers of adobe brick are in the American Southwest. Both Arizona Adobe Company and the San Tan AdobeCompany are located in Arizona, a state rich in the raw materials needed to manufacture the building material. New Mexico Earth Adobes has been producing traditionally made bricks since 1972. Shipping costs can be more than product costs, however, which is why architecture made with adobe is mostly found in this region. It takes thousands of adobe bricks to construct a modest-sized home. Although adobe is an ancient method of construction, most building codes tend to focus on post-industrial processes. A traditional building method like building with adobe has become non-traditional in todays world. Some organizations are trying to change that. The Earthbuilders’ Guild, Adobe in Action, and the international conference called Earth USA help keep the mixtures baking in the heat of the sun and not in ovens run by fossil fuels. Adobe in Architecture: Visual Elements Pueblo Style and Pueblo Revival: Adobe construction is most closely associated with what is called Pueblo architecture. A pueblo is in fact a community of people, a Spanish word from the Latin word populus. The Spanish settlers combined their knowledge with the terraced communities occupied by the people already living in the area, the  indigenous people of the Americas. Monterey Style and Monterey Revival: When Monterey, California was an important seaport in the early 1800s, the population centers of the new country called the United States were in the East. When New Englanders like Thomas Oliver Larkin and John Rogers Cooper moved West, they took with them ideas of home and combined them with local customs of adobe construction. Larkins 1835 home in Monterey, which set the standard for the Monterey Colonial Style, exemplifies this fact of architecture, that design is often a mixture of features from different places. Mission and Mission Revival: When the Spanish colonized the Americas, they brought the Roman Catholic religion. The Catholic-built missions became symbols of a new way in a new world. Mission San Xavier Del Bac near Tucson, Arizona was built in the 18th century, when this territory was still part of the Spanish empire. Its original adobe brick has been repaired with low-fired clay brick. Spanish Colonial and Spanish Colonial Revival: Spanish style homes in the New World are not necessarily constructed with adobe. The only true Spanish colonial homes in the United States are the ones that were built during the long Spanish occupation from the 16th to 19th centuries. Homes from the 20th and 21st centuries are said to revive the style of the Spanish homeland. However, the traditional construction of a house in the medieval town of Calataà ±azor, Spain shows how this method of construction moved from Europe to America- the stone foundation, the overhanging roof, the timber beams for support, the adobe bricks, all ultimately hidden by a surface coating that defines the architectural style. Sources Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings, Preservation Brief 5, National Park Service Publication, August 1978, https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/5-adobe-buildings.htm and PDF at https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/preservedocs/preservation-briefs/05Preserve-Brief-Adobe.pdfSan Xavier del Bac, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/tuma/learn/historyculture/san-xavier-del-bac.htm and https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/San_Xavier_del_Bac_Mission.html [accessed February 8, 2018]A Brief History of Mission San Xavier del Bac, sanxaviermission.org/History.html [accessed February 8, 2018]Photo Credits: Adobe Pueblo in Taos, New Mexico, Rob Atkins/Getty Images; Thomas Oliver Larkin House, Ed Bierman via flickr.com, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0); Calataà ±azor, Spain house, Cristina Arias/Getty Images (cropped); Mission San Xavier Del Bac,Robert Alexander/Getty Images (cropped)