Coats NA, Agile or Lean

Introduction Background to the study Coat NA is a subsidiary of a multinational company based in the United Kingdom. The firm operates in the United States and primarily deals with thread. Currently, the firm is ranked as the largest manufacturer and supplier of sewing thread (Advemag Incorporation, 2010, para. 1). Its current net wroth is estimated to be US $1.6 billion of the total Coats Public Limited Company net worth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coats NA, Agile or Lean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of the firm’s operations are business to business in nature. During the late 1990’s, the firm had a superior performance in its domestic market. This resulted from the fact that there was a significant manufacturing base in the United States. During its 1990s, the firm relied on a traditional supply chain. However, a significant change occurred in the United States leading into a transfo rmation of the business environment. Most of its customers were shifting their operational base to other countries especially those located in Asia. This posed a threat to the firm’s operation considering the fact that 70% of its assets were in the United States. After the shift, only 20% of the firm’s customers would remain in US. There was also a reduction in turnover in the American and European markets during the period ranging fro 2000 to 2008. It was only in Asia where turnover was on an upward trend. In its US market, Coats NA was faced with a challenge due to misalignment of its asset base and customer base. This means that the firm was faced with a dire need of making a change to both its supply chain network and supply chain process. Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000, p.4061) are of the opinion that consumers are a key determinant in the performance of a firm’s supply chain. Considering the nature of the challenge that the firm is faced with regard to supply chain, the firms management team has to make a decision on the most appropriate initiative to improve its supply chain. Some of the choices available to the firm entail whether to incorporate the concept of leanness or agility in its supply chain management. According to Sabri and Shaikh (2000, p.6), these two supply chain management strategies can lead to an improvement in the firm’s operation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aim The aim of the report is to evaluate the most appropriate strategy with regard to lean and agile supply chain management strategies which Coat NA should adopt in an effort to improve its market performance. Scope The report is organized into a number of sections. The first section entails background information of Coat NA. In this section, the challenges facing the firm’s supply chain are identified. The concept of lean and agility are discussed in the literature review section. The analysis section establishes the link between agility and lean management in Coat NA. In addition, the section also illustrates the strategies being adopted by the firm in an effort to resolve the issues faced by the firm and eliminate the tension between agile and lean. Finally, the effect of the changes to the firm and the concluding remarks are given. Literature review Key aspects of lean and agile in the supply chain According to Thomas, Stanley and Anthony (2006, p.1), agility and lean management concepts have been increasingly adopted by firms management teams in an effort to manage their supply chain. Some of the main factors leading to their increased adoption are their effectiveness in reducing cost, developing a firm’s competitive advantage and improving customer service. The concept of lean mainly entails elimination of various forms of wastes which might result into the firm incurring loss. Lean thinking emphasizes that all activities which utilize a firm’s resource and does not create any value for the customer should be eliminated. Supply Chain Digest (2010, para. 5) asserts that lean as an approach to supply chain management enables a firm’s management team to determine the intrinsic value in a particular product. In order to attain this, the concept of value stream is integrated which enables the firm’s management team to analyze the necessary flow of information and material in the production process (Tapping, Luyster, Shuker, 2002, p.54). The resultant effect is that a firm is able to produce goods based on market demand. According to Supply Chain Digest (2010, para/ 4), a firm’s management team is able to forecast demand for the goods based on the market feedback received from next tier distributors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Coats NA, Agile or Lean specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that actual orders are not used in forecasting demand. As a supply chain management concept, lean management also enables a firm to eliminate waste in relation to time (Mason-Jones, Naylor Towill, 2000, p.4061). In lean systems, the demand horizons are usually shorter. In addition, the entire supply chain is dependent on finished inventory (Basu Wright 2007, p.65). With regard to agile systems, the core focus entails responding to customer demand more efficiently. In their consumption process, the core objective of consumers is to maximize their utility. Consumers have got diverse product and services requirement. In supply chain management, agility enables a firm to address unique customers’ demand. In order to achieve this, make-to-order (MTO) concept is utilized in the manufacturing process in an effort to fulfill the order. This means that a firm which has incorporated the concept of agility depends on well known demand rather than speculative no tions. Therefore, the firm does not commit its resources unless it is aware of the market demand. Analysis Carrying inventory whose worth is 70 days underscores the fact that Coat NA had adopted a lean system in its operation. The core objective of this inventory was to enable the firm meet the market demand within a short period. However, there are costs associated with holding inventory for a long duration. According to Callioni, De-Montgros, Slagmulder, Van-Wassenhove and Wright (2005, p.135), holding a product for a long period results into reduction in its value. In extreme situations, the product may become obsolete. Holding inventory for a considerable long duration is a disadvantage to the firm’s operation. This arises from the fact that there is a high probability of mismatches occurring between demand and supply. This may lead into the firm holding excess inventory and hence the cost involved. Considering the fact that the firm’s operations are mostly B2B in nature, the firm may experience loss due to price protection costs. Callioni, De-Montgros, Slagmulder, Van-Wassenhove and Wright (2005, p.135) define price protection cost as the cost incurred by distributors as a result of a decline in the price of goods they are holding in their shelves.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other costs which the firm may incur include obsolescence cost which represents loss incurred on unsold products due to introduction of new models. Despite the Coat NA’s capacity to reduce demand horizon via holding inventory, the decision is not appropriate considering the high inventory carrying cost involved. In its operation, Coats NA is faced with a challenge due to change in customer base. This limits the firm’s profitability potential within its American market. According to Bruce, Daly and Towers (2004, p.151-170), the textile industry is very dynamic. In addition, the industry is also very volatile and has a short product lifecycle. In order to succeed, it is vital for firms in the industry to have a quick response. Lack of agility is one factor which has contributed into the recent poor performance of Coat NA. In an effort to improve its performance via reduction of the amount of inventory held, the firm’s management team adopted the i2’s invent ory optimization. Incorporation of such a model would play a significant role in reducing inventory carrying cost. This arises from the fact that the core objective of this model is to ensure that a firm only holds the appropriate level of inventory. This enables a firm to minimize the holding cost via elimination of excess inventory. Despite the firm conducting a series of improvement in its supply chain, the firm retained the Make-To-Stock strategy. This limits the firm’s operation efficiency via an increment in the cost of operation. Lack of agility in its supply chain management also means that the firm’s capacity to satisfy customer requirements via provision of products which are in line with the market demand is limited. This is one of the reasons explaining the shift in customer base. Adoption of decision support systems In order to resolve the conflict between lean and agile, the firm’s management team has adopted new technology in its supply chain mana gement. One of the most notable changes is implementation of Advanced Planning and Scheduling/Optimization (APS) which is a component of Decision Support System (DSS). Through this system, the firm has been able to forecast market demand effectively. The resultant effect is that Coat NA manufacturing processes have become aligned with the market demand. This has played a significant role in the firm’s effort to reduce the amount of inventory. For example, due to effective forecasting of demand, the firm’s management team has been able to cut down finished goods inventories with a margin of 48%. In addition obsolete inventories have been reduced by 63%. Adaption of the APO software has also enabled the firm to attain agility in its operation. This is evident in that the firm has adopted make-to-order strategy in its manufacturing process which has been necessitated by its ability to forecast demand (Gregory, 1998, p.6). As a result of increased efficiency in its optimiz ation process, the firm has been able to reduce its average lead-time from 20 to 7 days. Lean production Misalignment of the firm’s asset and customer base is one of the challenges that the firm is facing. This explains the significant reduction in the firm’s turnover in its American market. Through introduction of the APO software, the firm has been able to solve this problem to a given level. The firm’s management team has been able to align its assets with the existing customer base. By attaining effectiveness in forecasting, the firm assigns production depending on the manufacturing site. In an effort to improve its supply chain strategy, the firm’s management team has retained its lean management strategy. This is evident in the fact that the firm manufactures its products from a single point depending on the market forecast and distributes them to other markets. Most of the predictable product lines are produced in Romania while those which are not are locally manufactured. As a result, the firm has been able to attain low cost in its manufacturing process. Integration of agile supply chain management strategy In order to determine the quantity of product to produce, Coat NA uses sales information generated by the APO software. The information adopted is usually real time in nature which has made the firm to attain flexibility. Real time information has also enabled the firm to be able to manufacture specific customer orders. Consequence of the changes Incorporation of the above strategies will result into an improvement in the firm’s competitive advantage in a number of ways. For example, ability to forecast demand via optimization will enable the firm to attain cost minimization objective via a number of ways such as reduction in the quantity of finished goods inventories held and elimination of obsolescence cost. Through attainment of agility, the firm will be able to improve its profitability potential via deliverin g products which are in line with market demand. This means that the firm will be able to minimize uncertainty with a certain degree. According to Mason-Jones, Naylor and Towill (2000, p.4063), the fashion and textile products are characterized by a high degree of demand uncertainty. This will culminate into minimization of obsolescence and stock-out risk. Forecasting using the APO software will ensure that the firm’s management team emphasizes on the concept of value stream. This will result into alignment of supply and demand thus increasing the firm’s capacity to respond to market changes. Conclusion From the case, it is evident that the Coat NA is faced with numerous challenges with regard to its asset and customer base. This threats the firm’s survival as a going concern entity. In order to deal with this situation, the firm’s management team is charged with a responsibility of making changes to its supply chain management. One of the main challenges relates to the decision on the supply chain management strategy to adopt. Over the years, the firm has been operating on a traditional supply chain. However, changes in the market have stimulated the need for change in its operation. To deal with the two challenges, the firm’s management team should conduct an improvement in its supply chain management. The improvement should be conducted in such a way that the concepts of agile and leanness are put into consideration. In order to improve its supply chain management, the firm incorporated decision support systems. Integration of Information Technology (IT) in the firm’s operation will improve the firm’s capacity to deal with market changes considering the dynamic nature of the industry. In addition, lean and agility in its production process will enable the firm the firm to deliver value to its customers. In its implementation process, the firm’s management team should consider the nature of demand for t he product. Lean strategy should be applied to products with relatively stable demand while agile strategy should be applied to those with unstable demand. Reference List Advameg Incorporation. 2010. Company profile: information, business description,  history, background information on Coast plc. (online). Basu, R. Wright, J. 2007. Total supply chain management. [E-book]. New Jersey: Butter worth Heinnemann. Callioni, G., De-Montgros, X., Slagmulder, R., Wassenhove, L. Wright, L. 2005. Inventory driven cost. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 135-141. Gregory, D. 1998. Make-to-order versus make-to-stock in a production inventory system  with general production times. (online). New York: IIE Transactions. Mason-Jones, R., Naylor, B. Towilli, D. 2000. Lean, agile or leagile? Matching your supply chain to the market place. International journal of production. Vol. 38, issue 17, pp. 4061- 4070. Sabri, E. Shaikh. 2010. Lean and agile value chain management: a guide to the next  level of improvement. New Jersey: J. Ross Publishing. Supply Chain Digest. 2010. How do lean, agile and â€Å"leagile† supply chain strategies. Web. Tapping, D., Luyster, T. Shuker, T. 2002. Value stream management: eight steps to  planning, mapping and sustaining lean improvements.[ebook] New York: Productivity Press. Thomas, G. Stanley, G. Anthony, R. 2006. Modeling lean, agile and leagile supply chain strategies. Journal of business logistics. Vol. 3, issue 5, pp. 1-12. New York: BnET Business Owners. This report on Coats NA, Agile or Lean was written and submitted by user Lilly Cunningham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Everything You Need to Know About Adobe

Everything You Need to Know About Adobe Adobe is essentially a dried mud brick, combining the natural elements of earth, water, and sun. It is an ancient building material usually made with tightly compacted sand, clay, and straw or grass mixed with moisture, formed into bricks, and naturally dried or baked in the sun without an oven or kiln. In the United States adobe is most prevalent in the hot, arid Southwest. Although the word is often used to describe an architectural style- adobe architecture- adobe is actually a building material.  Adobe bricks have been used around the world, including near the muddy river areas of ancient Egypt and the ancient architecture of the Middle East. It is used today but also found in primitive architecture: mud bricks were used even before the grand ancient stone temples of Greece and Rome. Construction methods and the composition of adobe- the recipe- vary according to climate, local customs, and the historical era. Adobes strength and resilience vary with its water content: too much water weakens the brick. Todays adobe is sometimes made with an asphalt emulsion added to help with waterproofing properties. A mixture of Portland cement and lime may also be added. In parts of Latin America, fermented cactus juice is used for waterproofing. Although the material itself is naturally unstable, an adobe wall can be load bearing, self-sustaining, and naturally energy efficient. Adobe walls are often thick, forming a natural insulation from the environmental heat that creates and sustains the material. Todays commercial adobe is sometimes kiln-dried, although purists may call these clay bricks. Traditional adobe bricks need about a month of drying in the sun before they can be used. If the brick is mechanically compressed, the adobe mixture needs less moisture and the bricks can be used almost immediately, although purists may call these compressed earth bricks. About the Word Adobe In the United States, the word adobe is said with the accent on the second syllable and the last letter pronounced, as in ah-DOE-bee. Unlike many architecture words, adobe does not originate in Greece or Italy. It is a Spanish word that does not originate in Spain. Meaning the brick, the phrase at-tuba comes from Arabic and Egyptian languages.  As Muslims migrated across northern Africa and into the Iberian Peninsula, the phrase was transformed into a Spanish word after the eighth century CE. The word entered our English language through the colonization of America by Spain after the 15th century. The word is widely used in the southwestern United States and Spanish speaking countries. Like the building material itself, the word is ancient, going back to the creation of language- derivations of the word have been seen in ancient hieroglyphics. Materials Similar to Adobe Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) resemble adobe, except they usually do not contain straw or asphalt, and they generally are more uniform in size and shape. When adobe is NOT formed into bricks, its called puddled adobe, and is used like the mud material in cob houses. The material is mixed and then thrown in lumps to gradually create an earthen wall, where the mixture dries in place. In the Natural Building Blog, Dr. Owen Geiger,  Director of the Geiger Research Institute of Sustainable Building, contends that Native Americans used puddled adobe before the Spanish introduced adobe brick-making methods. Preservation of Adobe Adobe is resilient if well-maintained. One of the oldest known structures in the U.S. is made from adobe bricks, the San Miguel Mission in Santa Fe, New Mexico, built between 1610–1628. Preservationists at the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior provide guidance on historic preservation, and their Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings (Preservation Brief 5) published in August 1978 has been the gold standard for keeping this building material maintained. Constant monitoring of deterioration sources, including the breakdown of mechanical systems like leaky plumbing, is the most important part of maintaining an adobe structure. It is the nature of adobe buildings to deteriorate, we are told in Preservation Brief 5, so careful observation of subtle changes and performing maintenance on a regular basis is a policy which cannot be over emphasized. Problems usually have more than one source, but the most common are (1) poor building, design, and engineering techniques; (2) too much rainwater, ground water, or watering of surrounding vegetation; (3) wind erosion from windblown sand; (4) plants taking root or birds and insects living within the adobe walls; and (5) previous repairs with incompatible building materials. Traditional Methods of Construction To maintain historic and traditional adobe, its best to know traditional methods of construction so that repairs can be compatible. For example, true adobe bricks must be assembled with a mud mortar of properties similar to the adobe. You cant use cement mortar because its too hard  - that is, the mortars cannot be stronger than the adobe brick, according to preservationists. Foundations are often constructed of masonry red brick or stone. Adobe walls are load-bearing and thick, sometimes braced with buttresses. Roofs are usually wooden and laid flat, with horizontal rafters covered with other materials. The familiar vigas projecting through the adobe walls are really the timber parts of the roof. Traditionally, the roof was used as additional living space, which is why wooden ladders are often propped up alongside an adobe home. After the railroads enabled the transport of building materials to the American Southwest, other roof types (e.g., hipped roofs) began to appear atop adobe brick buildings. Adobe brick walls, once in place, are usually protected by applying a variety of substances. Before an exterior siding is applied, some contractors may spray on insulation for added thermal protection- a dubious practice in the long term if it allows the bricks to retain moisture. Since adobe is an ancient building method, traditional surface coatings may include substances that seem odd to us today, such as fresh animal blood. More common sidings include: mud plaster, a mixture of elements the same as the adobe brick mixturelime plaster, a mixture containing lime, which is harder than mud, but more prone to crackingwhitewash, a mixture preservationists describe as ground gypsum rock, water, and claystucco, a relatively new form of siding for naturally dried adobe bricks- cement stucco does not stick to traditional adobe bricks, so wire mesh must be used Like all architecture, construction materials and methods of building have a shelf-life. Eventually, adobe bricks, surface coverings, and/or roofing deteriorate and must be repaired. Preservationists recommend following these general rules: Unless youre a professional, dont try to fix it yourself. Patching and repairing adobe bricks, mortar, rotting or insect-ridden wood, roofs, and surfacing agents should be handled by seasoned professionals, who will know to use matching construction materials.Repair any problem sources before beginning anything else.For repairs, use the same materials and building methods that were used to build the original structure. The problems created by introducing dissimilar replacement materials may cause problems far exceeding those which deteriorated the adobe in the first place, preservationists warn. Adobe is a formed-earth material, a little stronger perhaps than the soil itself, but a material whose nature is to deteriorate. The preservation of historic adobe buildings, then, is a broader and more complex problem than most people realize. The propensity of adobe to deteriorate is a natural, ongoing process....Competent preservation and maintenance of historic adobe buildings in the American Southwest must (1) accept the adobe material and its natural deterioration, (2) understand the building as a system, and (3) understand the forces of nature which seek to return the building to its original state. - National Park Service, Preservation Brief 5 Adobe Is Not Software Since the first Earth Day, people from all walks of life have found a calling advocating for natural building methods that will help save the earth. Earth-based products are naturally sustainable- you are building with the materials that surround you- and energy efficient. The folks at Adobe is not Software are just one of many groups in the Southwest devoted to promoting the benefits of adobe construction through training. They offer hands-on workshops on both making adobe and building with adobe. Adobe is more than software even in the high-tech world of southern California. Most of the largest commercial manufacturers of adobe brick are in the American Southwest. Both Arizona Adobe Company and the San Tan AdobeCompany are located in Arizona, a state rich in the raw materials needed to manufacture the building material. New Mexico Earth Adobes has been producing traditionally made bricks since 1972. Shipping costs can be more than product costs, however, which is why architecture made with adobe is mostly found in this region. It takes thousands of adobe bricks to construct a modest-sized home. Although adobe is an ancient method of construction, most building codes tend to focus on post-industrial processes. A traditional building method like building with adobe has become non-traditional in todays world. Some organizations are trying to change that. The Earthbuilders’ Guild, Adobe in Action, and the international conference called Earth USA help keep the mixtures baking in the heat of the sun and not in ovens run by fossil fuels. Adobe in Architecture: Visual Elements Pueblo Style and Pueblo Revival: Adobe construction is most closely associated with what is called Pueblo architecture. A pueblo is in fact a community of people, a Spanish word from the Latin word populus. The Spanish settlers combined their knowledge with the terraced communities occupied by the people already living in the area, the  indigenous people of the Americas. Monterey Style and Monterey Revival: When Monterey, California was an important seaport in the early 1800s, the population centers of the new country called the United States were in the East. When New Englanders like Thomas Oliver Larkin and John Rogers Cooper moved West, they took with them ideas of home and combined them with local customs of adobe construction. Larkins 1835 home in Monterey, which set the standard for the Monterey Colonial Style, exemplifies this fact of architecture, that design is often a mixture of features from different places. Mission and Mission Revival: When the Spanish colonized the Americas, they brought the Roman Catholic religion. The Catholic-built missions became symbols of a new way in a new world. Mission San Xavier Del Bac near Tucson, Arizona was built in the 18th century, when this territory was still part of the Spanish empire. Its original adobe brick has been repaired with low-fired clay brick. Spanish Colonial and Spanish Colonial Revival: Spanish style homes in the New World are not necessarily constructed with adobe. The only true Spanish colonial homes in the United States are the ones that were built during the long Spanish occupation from the 16th to 19th centuries. Homes from the 20th and 21st centuries are said to revive the style of the Spanish homeland. However, the traditional construction of a house in the medieval town of Calataà ±azor, Spain shows how this method of construction moved from Europe to America- the stone foundation, the overhanging roof, the timber beams for support, the adobe bricks, all ultimately hidden by a surface coating that defines the architectural style. Sources Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings, Preservation Brief 5, National Park Service Publication, August 1978, https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/5-adobe-buildings.htm and PDF at https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/preservedocs/preservation-briefs/05Preserve-Brief-Adobe.pdfSan Xavier del Bac, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/tuma/learn/historyculture/san-xavier-del-bac.htm and https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/San_Xavier_del_Bac_Mission.html [accessed February 8, 2018]A Brief History of Mission San Xavier del Bac, sanxaviermission.org/History.html [accessed February 8, 2018]Photo Credits: Adobe Pueblo in Taos, New Mexico, Rob Atkins/Getty Images; Thomas Oliver Larkin House, Ed Bierman via flickr.com, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0); Calataà ±azor, Spain house, Cristina Arias/Getty Images (cropped); Mission San Xavier Del Bac,Robert Alexander/Getty Images (cropped)

Classroom effects of a commercially-available video music-and-movement Research Paper

Classroom effects of a commercially-available video music-and-movement program - Research Paper Example Population of study- this study was conducted on fourth grade students’ population. Music has very big influence on students in the society. This affects different classes of being in the society with each of them responding to it in their own ways. Size of study- the study will majorly focus on smaller population of the class. Duration of study- The students will be observed and video taped in 15-minutes for two weeks before I introduce the DVD. I will then use the DVD for 5-minutes before regular lessons daily. DVD This will allow comparative data analysis when the intended gist of this research is concluded. Method of information gathering- there are several methods that can be used in gathering information during research. However, in this case study I will use observation as my primary method of analysis. This will enable me to get first-hand touch of information that will ultimately be useful in drawing the conclusion. Strategy used-.Duration recording will be used as a strategy to calculate the behavior change. This strategy will be used when the change in behavior occurs. I will record the behavior during on and off tasks.

Article Synopsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Synopsis - Essay Example The study offers the conclusion that Asian businesses cannot be generalized on the basis of cultural factors since many of them cater to mainstream markets. However, the second generation of Asian entrepreneurs faces a different set of challenges when compared to its elders. Having had the benefits of upbringing in the UK, the younger generation of entrepreneurs has a different mindset and opportunity when compared to its elders’ cultural experiences and practices. The success of Asian business community in the UK has turned it into an entrepreneurial role model for other immigrant communities. This is based on the fact that this ethnic group makes a significant contribution to the UK economy, arguably, even more than the mainstream community. The paper attempts to find out if cultural experiences and practices can be used to classify the success of Asian businesses. Previous studies state that it is their cultural background and practices, which give them the edge when it comes to successful businesses. Their competitiveness arises from the fact that they can use family resources in terms of labour and specialist knowledge and use ethnic network effectively for business development. The study attempts to find out if these factors can be used to determine the reason for their successful ventures. The researchers employed a semi structured qualitative approach for data analysis. Data was collected in the form of interviews with ten leading Asian entrepreneurs in the UK. Questions were framed after referring to previous literature and academic advisors. Data was also collected through e-mails and reports for a greater understanding of the subject. Moreover, interviews were recorded and transcribed to facilitate independent interpretation for the two researchers. Secondly, since one researcher represented the Asian community and other, the host community they were able to provide varied cultural perspectives to the data analysis. The researchers concluded that

The marketing strategies of McDonalds and Starbucks andthe comparison Essay

The marketing strategies of McDonalds and Starbucks andthe comparison of their current marketing plans - Essay Example Food industry can be considered as a concurrent or triple point in terms of history, innovative ideas, and taste. This industry is dependent on number of factors like government regulations regarding hygiene standards and suitability, new innovative brands and trends in the market, consumer behavior, and cultural and religious beliefs. Despite of all such factors, the industry is one of the largest industries in the world as it had sale revenue of about $3.2 trillion in 2004. In USA almost 16.5 million people are professionally associated with food industry and Americans spend about $1 trillion annually which is about 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). UK fast food is the largest fast food market in Europe which is double and triple in size than Germany and French markets respectively. The food industry (including fast food) had an estimated gross value added of  £73.4 billions in 2007 (http://www.whatmattersweblog.com). It had a contribution of 18.8% of national part-time employ ment and 8.7% of national full time employment. Coffee has established a strong standing in hospitality industry in last 10 years. In many countries espresso, cappuccino, and caffe latte has replaced the brewed filter coffee and therefore set a cafà © style coffee. Because of having a major contribution with respect to both the revenue and volume in market, the carbonated beverages are the mainstay of the industry. Australian citizens prefer milk-based coffee as about 90% of coffee cups sold in 2005 contained milk in it. In recent years, cappuccino has come out as the most favorite brand of coffee for Australian people however, people having strong financial assets particularly young ladies have more inclination towards the caffà ©s lattes.es lattes. Espresso and the flat white are generally more demanded by young males and senior citizens respectively. Another significant trend in coffee industry is the cafe preference of customers with respect to either fair trading or sustainable source. A rising trend has been observed by th e farmers that they intended to approach the fair trading cafes instead of low pricing cafes (Bacon, 2005). McDonalds are the two leading companies in the industry of fast food and soft drinks respectively. McDonalds is the world’s largest fast food providing organization, presently operating at more than 33,000 locations across the world and serving more than 64 million people around 119 countries on daily basis (http://www.mcdonalds.ca/). Although the company has more than half century experience even then it works through dynamic marketing strategies. McDonalds offers innovative ideas in their operations to keep itself at No.1 position in the fast

Acceptance of Violence in TV and Media

Acceptance of Violence in TV and Media The development of technology such as television, internet and radio, has led us to an important understanding of the surroundings in which we live in, surroundings which are mostly represented by the media, to an audience. As members of this media audience we are being constantly flooded with the notion of crime and violence by the use of technology. The notion of news is travelling very fast and it is present in every household with access to technology, and the media prioritise crime and violence as their central theme and broadcast it in order to attract a larger audience (Newburn, 2007). MacDougall (1968:12) states that ‘At any given moment billions of simultaneous events occur throughout the world†¦ All of these occurrences are potentially news. They do not become so until some purveyor of news gives an account of them. The news, in other words, is the account of the event, not something intrinsic in the event itself’ Thinking of the simple fact that when people watch television, there is always a slight chance that the channel they are watching will present a violent act, making people think that the media is a very powerful influence upon crime and violence (Potter, 2003). However, the media producers, in response to the public’s voice, claim that violence on television is just a reflection of the violence that occurs in society. Although it is perceived as being overrated and altering the reality, violence in the media is claimed by the producers as being just a response to the demand of it (Potter, 2003). Taking into consideration the last argument, the question ‘Why do people accept and enjoy watching violence in the media?’ arouses. It can relate to the fact that most media audiences are drawn into violent imagery just because it challenges their imagination, as in the case of video games. On the other hand it may presume just the simple notion of fitting in with the character and experiencing a fantasy of their own (Goldstein, 1998). Furthermore there are three main theories that I will be focusing on in order to reach for an answer to the question ‘Why people enjoy watching violent representations in the media?’, and these theories are based on the psychoanalytical approach, transgression or carnivalesque approach, and the sociological approach. A popular belief is that audiences are drawn into attending movies by their misleading or altered advertising campaigns. Producers often refer to a film as reaching out to their audience by these campaigns, and it stands in the hand of the producers how they represent these campaigns to a specific audience (Turner, 1999). It is also a fact that millions and millions are spent on publicity and advertising for new movies, but it is not always the case that the audience is drawn into them. Getting in touch with the audience is the hardest part for producers and it is only made through careful planning and exposure of the new production in such manner that the audience will react in a positive way (Turner, 1999). Metz (1982) described his experience as a member of the cinema as seeing the audience trying to reach out in the action of the movie, becoming part of it. To have a better understanding of how audiences confront with the thin line between reality and imaginary, we need to have a better focus at the unconscious level and its process of watching a production. By taking a closer look at the psychoanalytical approach, mostly interested in dreams, there is a correlation between film and dreams that offers a new perspective to researchers for the Freudian theories and the way in which the unconscious works (Turner, 1999). Metz (1982) stated that the boundary between reality and imaginary is fading away for the audience, and the gap between these two has been described by Freud as â€Å"the location of desire† and it is covered by media productions (Turner, 1999:131). The psychoanalytical approach emphasizes on the notion of ‘look’ upon the audience, audience which is also referred as ‘the spectator’ (Turner, 1999:131). This notion takes a very much influence within the Freudian and post-Freudian theory as it stands in the individual’s power to self-define him and establish a certain relation with the surroundings. Based on this notion, therefore the audience is not only performing the action of viewing, but they also get caught within the story of the media production and inflict certain values and strengths, which make them accountable for a position of power. This position of power is described by Freudian theory as being one such of a position of a voyeur, which in other terms ‘†makes an object of† those caught unwittingly in the power of his gaze’ (Turner, 1999:131). Graeme Turner (1999) argues that we as human beings we always identify within characters that we see on the screen, such as heroes or heroines, in order to feel self-accomplished. The psychoanalytical approach identifies two main categories of audiences, first category being argued by Metz (1982) as being the simple identification with the notion of cinema, seeking out the mystery revealed by the screen. For the second category, Metz (1982) argues that the cinema stresses out the viewer’s perception with the vision of the camera. Based on these arguments, the audience finds itself in a position of confusion and distortion between reality and imaginary, as the media tends to influence their behaviour in society in such manner that they establish an audience-media relationship (Turner, 1999). Laura Mulvey (1975) argued that in relation to violent representations of crime and the psychoanalytical approach, the media is shaped around the principles of narcissism and voyeurism. Mulvey (1975) also believed that these two principles are main feature for the film industry in order to establish the audience-media relationship. The psychoanalytical approach also established a connection of human sexuality to the notion audience-media relationship. Media productions also focused on the revealing of the female body and using it as a tool, whilst the male viewer is thought to be central to the notion of spectator. Violent representation in the media appears in many ways, and the media has always been taken for granted as a source of trust by presenting their stories and revealing the true nature of the environment. By the simple method of how media releases their stories, part of the audience does not take into consideration the fact that these stories react at an unconscious level and sometimes violent representations can lead to instigation. The media is a powerful tool that by using the right set of words and images can alter the audience into believing what they want them to believe. People choose to watch violence in the media, not as a source of comfort, but most of the times as a precaution to have a better understanding of the society in which they live in and to know how to behave or react (Goldstein, 1998). It is up to every individual how he reacts to the set of imagery and words, although the media is already offering a certain perspective. Jeffrey Goldstein (1998) stated that ‘An undeniable characteristic of violent imagery is its emotional wallop. It gives most people a jolt.’ (Goldstein, 1998:216). Based on this argument, the notion of violence for some audience represents a part of interest, an incentive. Not only that it reacts as an incentive, but audiences that enjoy violent representation, according to Goldstein (1998), emphasize a great understanding in their own personal lives the notion of violence. For some it might be just the fact of seeking the thrill of experiencing the good guy or bad guy experience. On the other hand the joy of watching violent representations of crime might be expressed as ‘an outcome of the â€Å"civilizing process†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Elias, N., Dunning, E. cited in Goldstein, 1998:217), outcome that stands between the lack of opportunity and real life experience. . Violence in the media appears in a more exciting way for others, thus the attraction for violent imager y results as desire to overcome their state of mind. Moving on to the sociological approach in order to explain the desire to watch violence in the media, we take into consideration the work of Stuart Hall (1973), who sought the media as a challenge and tried to expose a new theory about how the production is made, how it is broadcasted and how it is absorbed by the audience. In short terms he explains the process of encoding and decoding of messages and images. Stuart Hall (1973) explains that the media-audience relationship works through the help of the sender, the message and the receiver. He argues that the media creates his own message and sends it across to the audience, but the audience itself might not perceive the transparent message that should be received. Martin Innes (2004) developed a social understanding of the signs and sign system of risk perception, also referred as â€Å"signal crimes†, and it focuses on the way people interpret and define threats to their security. Mass media is a useful tool in analysing the signal crime methodology, as it provides information in how certain news can shape critical events into signal crimes (Innes, 2004). The central idea of the signal crimes perspective is that every person is entitled perceive their own understanding of crime, thus violence in the media occurs as a criminogenic risk. â€Å"The [media violence] debate has been profoundly masculine in orientation. One of the most significant challenges of the future is to shift the terms of debate away from the dominant, but limiting, models of free speech and censorship, which derive from masculine ideas of aggressive journalistic realism on the one hand and of paternalistic protectionism on the other†(Cunningham, 1992:71). Media takes an important place in our lives, as it constantly providing us public culture, although in terms of violence it might be in some cases risk aware, or if it just only to satisfy ourselves by stepping out of the boundaries of reality ( Carter, 2003). Taking for instance the news industry, it is their number one priority to sell violence and keep it on the front page of their newspapers or on television. The question that arouses on these premises is why do violence sells? Most of the times the audience’s perception lies in the factor of security and integrity, therefore the notion of violence for them stands in terms of their own security, how safe they feel in their private home or in the street (Carter, 2003). The carnivalesque or transgression approach has its roots in Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1941) theory as he describes it as a speech-genre that manifests across different cultural grounds, especially in carnival. He describes a carnival as being a pass for everything, where audiences and actors takes place with no difference aside them. Also the notion of carnival was stripping people of rank, thus making everyone participating with equal status, boundaries between rich and poor disappearing. The whole purpose of the carnival was to allow people to express thoughts and creativity in a free manner (Bakhtin, 1941). Following these arguments, we can perceive media as being the central theme in terms of the carnival, however audiences participating only as audiences. By the representation of violence in the media, taking into account Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnivalesque, we can also consider that media is an instigation to push our limits and exceed the normal routine by joinin g their own â€Å"carnival†. Media is considered to be a useful tool in mass control, by sending out transparent messages, by instigating people or by simply revealing the society itself. In other cases, like videogames, the audience is drawn into violence as it offers a source of impersonation by taking the place of a bad guy or good guy and seeking justice and adventure by committing violent acts. It can relate to the fact that videogames fill the gap between place of desire and reality, as it also offers a sense of strength and puts the individuals in a place of complete control and power (Carter, 2003). As with the development of technology, people are drawn into films that include violence as it offers a different understanding of the social surrounding and that is with the help of special effects. Looking at horror movies or science fiction movies, special effects play an important part to the media-violence-audience effect. It is recognised that the acts of grotesque that appear on screen are unacceptable , but however that is what people are drawn into, too see the world with different eyes (Carter, 2003).

Using a PC on a Network :: essays research papers

Computer networking, like most industries, has its own jargon, which includes technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms. Without a good grasp of the terminology, it will be difficult to understand the concepts and processes involved in networking. A network interface card (NIC), pronounced "nick," is also called the LAN adapter, or just the network interface. This card typically goes into an ISA, PCI, or PCMCIA (PC card) slot in a computer and connects to the network medium. It then connects to other computers through the network media. Media refers to the various physical environments through which transmission signals pass. Common network media include twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber-optic cable, and even the earth's atmosphere through which wireless transmission occurs. A protocol is a set of rules. In the case of a network protocol, it is a set of rules by which computers communicate. The term "protocol suite" describes a set of several protocols that per form different functions related to different aspects of the communication process. Cisco IOS software which runs on Cisco equipment and devices, is the industry-leading and most widely deployed network system software. It delivers intelligent network services for enabling the rapid deployment of Internet applications. Cisco IOS software provides a wide range of functionality, from basic connectivity, security, and network management to technically advanced services. The functionality of Cisco IOS software is the result of a technological evolution. First-generation networking devices could only store and forward data packets. Today, Cisco IOS software can recognize, classify, and prioritize network traffic, optimize routing, support voice and video applications, and much more. Cisco IOS software runs on most Cisco routers and Cisco switches. These network devices carry most of the Internet traffic today. Network operating system (NOS) usually refers to server software such as Windows NT, Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, Novell NetWare, UNIX, and Linux. The term sometimes refers to the networking components of a client operating system such as Windows 95 or the Macintosh OS. Connectivity devices refer to several different device types, all of which are used to connect cable segments, conne ct two or more smaller networks (or subnets) into a larger network, or divide a large network into smaller ones. The term encompasses repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges, and routers. Network applications Network applications are software programs that run between different computers connected together on a network. Some of the more common uses of network applications include using a web browser program to find content from the World Wide Web, or using an e-mail program to send e-mails over the Internet.

Stay at Home Moms vs Working Moms

Many women have careers before they began their family. But once the first child arrives, it is time to decide whether to be a stay-at-home mom or to go back to work. There are many factors that go into this decision and it is different for every family. Making a decision to stay at home with the children or join the workforce can be a difficult process. I have been fortunate to experience being a stay-at-home mom for three years. I’ve come o realize the benefits of becoming a stay-at-home mom versus a working mom is having more time with the children, less stress, and it saves financially. One of the biggest and most obvious benefits of being a stay-at-home mom is the amount of time available to spend with the children. A stay-at-home mom is assured her children are being raised in a healthy, positive environment. Stay-at-home moms can expect fewer doctor bills, some children don’t come in contact with as many viruses and bacteria at home than at a daycare. If they do get a cold or the flu, the parent at home does not have to scramble to find care or ask for a day off of work. They are already at home with the child. Mothers at home have their busy days, but also have days where they spend time doing things just for the kids. They can go to the park at a moments notice. As a stay-at-home mom, I have the time to sit with my children and read books, play with race cars, and teach them the letters of the alphabet. Some benefits of being a stay-at-home mom is the mother is able to teach and educate her children, and have more consistent discipline. By staying at home, mothers can ensure that their children have the best start in life, by giving them the love and support they need. Staying at home can mean reduced stress to a slower, less frantic pace. While the world around us is going a million miles an hour, my children’s world is calm and stable. There is no morning rush to get everyone out the door and there are no chaotic evenings where we are not sure who is going to cook supper. I can give my children the time they deserve instead of cramming in time here and there. It is true that raising children can be stressful, but mothers who stay at home have less stress upon them than the working moms. Probably one of the biggest factors helping to decide if a parent should stay at home with the children is whether it is economically feasible. In many small ways, my being at home enables us to live on less (which means we have less income). Because I am at home, I have the time to keep track of our finances month-to-month and put together a detailed shopping list which helps keep our grocery bill to a minimum. Transportation expenses also often drops for stay-at-home moms. This can also decrease the premiums of auto insurance. A benefit of staying at home has the ability to save on or even eliminate the cost of child care. One of the most easily forgotten factors is taxes will decrease with the loss of that second income. After all, the decrease in taxes is not only in terms of dollars but also in the tax bracket. A stay-at-home mom eats out less often on average. Also the amount a stay-at-home mom spends on clothing generally goes down significantly. There is little need for a stay-at home mom to constantly buy new clothing. When a mother decides to stay-at-home, she can cut the hidden cost of work funds. Stay-at-home parenting is a full time occupation and definitely not and easy one. For my husband and I, we felt that taking a more active role in our children’s care, raising them up in the things we believe, and teaching and loving them for those precious early years would be beneficial to them. The best part of staying at home is setting my own schedule and getting to do fun things with my kids. Each set of parents has an idea of how they want their children to be raised. No one can raise children the way parents want except the parents themselves. There is a special bonding and interaction that grows and takes place between parents and children when either parent is able to stay at home. Sharing everyday life with kids, seeing them growing on a daily basis and giving the love and attention the need can make both parents and kids happy.

Crayfish Lab Report Essays

Crayfish Lab Report Essays Crayfish Lab Report Paper Crayfish Lab Report Paper Frequency vs.. Stretch a) In our classroom experiment, after dissecting and preparing our crayfish ail, we sucked up a MR.. Receptor neuron with our electrode to record firing of the nerve as we adjusted the length of the crayfish tail using a string attached to both the uncomplimentary and the end of the tail. Unlike our classroom experiment, the methods for Delicacy and Crevice and Van Gilders experiment dealt directly with the MR.. Strand, to be more specific -the isolated abdominal stretch receptors of the crayfish. In Deletions experiment, the MR.. Strand was held at each end by forceps and a microelectronic was inserted into the cell body of the sensory neuron. Gentle manipulations of the forceps caused a stretch in the MR.. Generating a generator potential in the strand that caused a spike potential in the sensory neuron. As stated earlier, methodically, Crevice and Van Gilders experiment didnt differ significantly because they too interacted directly with the MR.. Receptor neuron. The independent variable in each experiment was the stretch applied to the neuron. The dependent variable for our classroom experiment and Deletions experiment was the firing rate, but Crevice and Van Gilders experiment contained an additional dependent arabletension (which is linearly related to the firing rate). B) According to Crevice and Van Gilders Figure 7, stretch and tension are linearly related. The graphs reveal that with increasing tension, firing rate and tension increase progressively faster. The relationship of both tension and firing rate to stretch are exponential (Crevice and van Gelded, 1961). Because of the differences in our methodical approaches, our classroom experiment is not directly comparable to Delicacy or Crevice and van Gilders. The authors data is much more comparable because Delicacy and Crevice applied stretch erectly to the MR.. Strand, so the stretch in mm is directly comparable for the two. In our classroom experiment, we have a much bigger range because we dealt with the entire crayfish tail, so mulch of the movement in millimeters goes into lifting the tail itself. C) The best-fit curve for my results of firing rate vs Trench applied is exponential. Similarly to Deletions results, my stretch is linearly related to the firing for the first three data points. For the last two values, my scale begins to increase exponentially and starts to resemble Crevice and van Gilders results. Operational errors that could account for differences in the class data would be recordings incorrectly taken before the neuron has adapted (values would be higher). The class dat a supports Deletions linear results, but it could be that our classroom experiment would have increased exponentially with increased stretch. Deletions data is linear in his experiment, but the range of stretch values is considerably smaller than Crevices. Similarly to my experiment, Crevices data also follows this linear trend until it reaches a level of stretch that causes an increase in tension and thereby and increase in the firing rate. In Figure 7 of Crevice and Van Gelded, it is at the two largest values for stretch that the firing rate increases from linear to exponential. The fact that Crevice obtains values for firing rate at larger values of stretch could explain why his results showed exponential growth after a certain value. ) There is a huge amount of variance in the stress vs Frequency relation for the class. Simple biological factors like individual variance could account for the variance in the data. In Table 1 of Crevices paper, he acknowledges that he differences in the receptor taken from the same cross section could have contributed to inaccuracies in his experiment (Crevice 1961 Another biological fac tor that might influence the slope of the stretch frequency curve could be tension. For instance, a less flexible crayfish (i. E. More tense) would have a faster firing rate for a given stretch than a more flexible crayfish would. . Frequency vs.. Time a. In our particular experiment, a spike potential is the action potential of the sensory neuron that is driven by the generator potential. A generator potential n the MR.. Is driven by a net inward current of An+ and Ca++ or an PEPS, after activation of the anchorperson. This generator potential gets the membrane potential to threshold and thereby causes an Action Potential (spike potential). The contributions of the generator adaptation and spike adaptation could be separated experimentally by application of a spike inhibitor, which in Crevices experiment is represented by determination. ) In slowly adapting neurons, spike adaptation makes a greater contribution to overall adaptation. In Figure IA, the spike potential has been isola ted and according to this experiment, the behavior of the neurons spike potential is consistent with what we know about tonic receptors. Under a constant current, the slow adapting neuron transitions from a rapid firing of action potentials to the slower fire represented by larger enterprise intervals. In Figure B, the spike adaptation for the fast adapting receptor, too, is consistent with our knowledge of aphasic receptors. There was an initial firing rate at the onset of the current, but while the current was still applied, we see a drop to zero for the aphasic acceptors firing rate. (Making 1964). Conversely, in Figure AAA and B, where both aphasic and tonic generator potentials are isolated, there is essentially no difference between the two potentials behavior(Making 1964). This suggests that the generator potential has no effect on the behavior of the neurons and its adaptation mechanism. D) In both Figure 10 and my own, the adaptation over some duration to a constant stimulus is logarithmic. According to our overall adaptation result the rate of firing of a slowly adapting neuron slows when exposed to a constant tumulusFigure 10 of Making follows the same form because our classroom experiments also follow a logarithmic curve. ) In my analysis of whether the ion concentration model accounts for both adaptation and the immediate recovery from overstretch, I conclude that this model only partially applies because of its plausible explanation for spike adaptation. According to the Unrest equation (log Anal/Amount), the An concentration inside and outside of the cell could chemically equilibrate. Based on where ANA is determines the deportation of the action potential and if ANA were to drop below threshold (due to equilibration of An concentrations and sm aller influx of An ions), we would not get firing. Conversely, application of the ion concentration model to immediate recovery from overstretch doesnt directly apply because it cant explain how the ion concentrations would immediately become more available extracurricular to provide the ANA needed to cause firing of the action potential. The process of generating a concentration gradient could not logically occur that quickly. Ii) In order to test the sensitivity of a particular ion channel, we could use the attach clamp method and analyze its response to a constant stimulus and see whether or not we get a change in ion influx over time (thats not due to ion concentration).

hobbema essays

hobbema essays In central Alberta there is a little town called Hobbema. And there are four little Indian Reservations. They are Montana, Samson, Louis Bull, and Erimineskin. I live on the Ermineskin Reservation .It is a very interesting place to live and we also have many schools on the different reservations. Erimenskin was founded in 1934 when chief Erimeskin singed treaty six. We also hold a POW wow every year and the POW wow is very well known all over Alberta. Most of the region is a mixture of forest and plains and many foothills, and a lot of wild Alberta. We have had just made a new cultural collage called the muskwachees cultural collage and that will help my people excel. Muskwachees means bear hills because the region the was a lot of bears In the area way back in the days. Erimineskin Is a very wealthy reservation because in 1973 we struck oil and so they put most of the money In the children's trust fund so when the turn 18 they get there share of the money. One of the most weirdest things I think I've herd was in august of this year when a.m.a. Stopped insuring Hobbema's cars because the said we drove to crazy, to fast, and to to irrisponsible. We have a JR senior team and made it to some big finals in Germany and won it, my dad was also on that team. Other than that Hobbema is a pretty weird place to live in. ...

Eudoxus and Dedekind Irrational Numbers and Mathematical Development Essay

Eudoxus and Dedekind Irrational Numbers and Mathematical Development - Essay Example The theory, as stated, was very oblique and difficult. It was pondered by mathematicians until it was superseded in the nineteenth century. His definition of proportions in Euclid's work exemplifies the struggle taking place in the Greek mind to get a handle on this problem. Magnitudes are said to be in the same ratio, the first to the second and the third to the fourth, when, if any equimultiples whatever be taken of the first and third, and any equimultiples whatever of the second and fourth, the former equimultiples alike exceed, are alike equal to, or alike fall short of, the latter equimultiples taken in corresponding order. What could such an inscrutable statement possibly mean It seems that Eudoxus (through Euclid) must have sat up nights trying to write something that no one could comprehend. To understand this statement we must remember two things about Greek mathematics. First, Eudoxus was not talking about numbers, but magnitudes. The two were not the same and could not be related to each other. Second, the Greeks did not have fractions, so they spoke of the ratios of numbers and ratios of magnitudes. Hence, our fraction 2/3 was for them the ratio 2:3. For their geometry, they also needed to talk about ratios, not of numbers, but of geometric magnitudes. For example, they knew that the ratio of the areas of two circles is equal to the ratio of the squares of the diameters of the circles. We can show this as (Flegg, 1983) (area of circle A):(area of circle B) (radius of circle A)2:(radius of circle B)2 The Greeks had to be sure that when these ratios of magnitudes involved incommensurable lengths, the order relationships held. In other words, would their geometric proofs be valid when such proofs involved ratios of incommensurable lengths The definition developed by Eudoxus was an attempt to guarantee that they would. The magnitudes in the ratios have the following labels: first: second = third: fourth. Eudoxus said that the first and second magnitudes have the same ratio as the third and fourth if, when we multiply the first and third by the same magnitude, and multiply the second and fourth both by another magnitude, then whatever order we get between first and second will be preserved between the third and fourth. This explanation, simple as it is, can be rather confusing. An example will clarify the matter. We will assign the following lengths to the four magnitudes: 3:6 = 7:14. From this we get the following inequalities: 3 A3:B6 = A7:B14 or 15:12 = 35:28. Now clearly 15 > 12 and 35 > 28. Hence, multiplying by 5 and 2 preserved the order of the two ratios. Eudoxus' definition says that for two ratios to be equal, all values of A and B will preserve the order between the corresponding magnitudes. This gave Greek geometry the definition of magnitudes of ratios it needed to carry out the various proofs relying on proportion. However, magnitudes are not numbers, and the requirement that all values of A and B satisfy the definition introduced, through the back door, the notion of infinity. While Eudoxus' work satisfied the needs of geometers, it was

Gossip in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gossip in the Workplace - Essay Example To start with, workplace gossip can have lasting effects and impressions. The workers and employees are best advised to abstain from it so that these gossip conversations do not have lasting effects in the long term. Workplace gossips can turn pretty ugly at times since the informal ‘grapevine’ network present within an organization spreads very quickly and no one can actually stop rumors as well as true stories from being shared openly. Continuing further, the causes of workplace gossips are that the small conversations which are held between two employees are spread to other workers working within the organization if the conversation is overheard by another individual who also works in that organization. (Heller, 1998) It is also possible that one of these two people might tell others who would further tell the remaining staff that is working within the organization and hence the gossip can turn really nasty at the end. With more and more informal gossips in the workplace, it is suggested that the employees are not concentrating properly on their assigned tasks and the bosses take particular note of this fact. They mention these points to the employees who like to gossip a lot and also warn them from time to time so that the gossip within the workplace is reduced drastically. The effects of this workplace gossip are that the employees have a bad image within the organization and they are not taken in high esteem. They are also told of concentrating on their own duties rather than wasting their times on having useless gossips all the time. (Drumheller, 2006) Workplace gossips also mean that the employees have lost a lot of interest in their work and they do not find their job challenging enough. The employers should provide comfort to these types of employees by changing their job nature or making their job focus a bit more different. They can also be delegated work in a