Cognitive Ergonomics Report Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash

Cognitive Ergonomics Report: Ladbroke Grove rail crash Introduction On the 5th of October 1999 at 8.06 am, a light commuter train left Paddington station from Platform 9 on route to Bedwyn in Wiltshire. Approximately three minutes later the train collided with a high-speed train coming from the opposite direction at a combined speed of 130 mph causing the deaths of 31 people, including the drivers of both trains (~400 injured). IK20 passed signal SN109 on gantry 8 at red for danger, travelling at 41 mph and accelerating. This report investigates potential cognitive factors that could be plausible answers as to why the disaster of Paddington Rail occurred. The factors that will be covered are the driver of Thames Turbo Train, Michael Hodder. Due to many theories as to why the train failed to stop after being ordered to do so, it is important to investigate which theories are plausible in terms of cognitive factors. The factors and subjects that will be addressed relate to Alertness, Attention, Visual Perception and Training. All of these factors are crucial when focusing on this incident, as if any of these theories were to be accepted as the cause of the event, it is important to understand how to prevent future situations of a similar nature. Alertness Although there is no legitimate way to determine why the driver of the Thames Turbo Train, Hodder, missed the amber signals, it is a plausible cause that the driver was suffering from fatigue or was lacking in

The Economic Development And Security Essay - 1040 Words

Final Paper Thesis Statement With the emerging of Globalization throughout the world most developing countries have not seen the positive impact that other Developed countries have seen with Globalization in either economic or political stability. It has been the thought of many intellects (Political scientist) that the strength of a government and of its people security are tied to directly to the poverty in one’s nation. This relationship comes from the end of World War II. In the last several years many have started to question the wisdom of this thought process. â€Å"While the relationship between economic development and security is a complex one, it has long been common wisdom among policymakers that poverty is a causal factor in security issues, if not the direct cause (Muller pg1)†. As the world closed the chapter on World War II, political leaders looked to stop wars from beginning, thus the creation of the United Nation (UN) was born, other organizations such as the World Health organization (WHO), and the World Bank along with the International Monterey Fund (IMF) all with the idea that with these tools at hand poverty and economic stability could be achieved for even the most developing countries. This paper will discuss how even with so many new organization and a will by so many nation to work together to avert war after so much fighting and the total devastation to the world that peace and war along with economic and political stability are so elusive stillShow MoreRelatedHow Did The Second World War Affect The Development Of1405 Words   |  6 PagesHow did the Second World War affect the development of Japan? Introduction The Second World War was the bloodiest conflict in the history of humanity. 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This paper will critically examine the Russian national purpose and ideology, national power and international relationships as well as foreign policy. The paper will also describe the Russian commitments and its national security relationships with the United States. Question one. National purpose of Russia Russia is keen to increase her economic growth, protectRead MoreTraditional And Non Traditional Threats Of State Security1650 Words   |  7 PagesTraditionally, threats to state security were seen as little more than the armies of other states.   Security was understood simply in terms of threats to state sovereignty and territory, which generally involved the use of military forces and diplomacy to deter and oppose the threats.   While a case can be made that the military threats in this Century are as apparent as ever, it is now generally recognised that they are not the only threats that face states and the people in them. 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Operational Management of M Porting Company

Question: Discuss about theOperational Management of M Porting Company. Answer: Introduction A company is a separate legal entity from its owners with an objective to carry out commercial activities (Murray, 2009). The production department involving turning ideas into products has operational costs. Operations management aims to this minimise costs and maintaining high efficiency. Minimisation of unnecessary expenditures enables a company to maximise profitability. This paper seeks to analyse the sewing operations of M porting company. M porting company manufactures fabric covered metal canisters. Cartridges store and transport cameras and survey equipment. The types of canisters made are standard canisters with hinged lids and discount canisters with flat lids. The assembly of the cartridges gets done within the company except for the sewing operations that are outsourced. M porting company increased its advertising after Donnie, one of the company owners, developed a canister to hold survey equipment. This led to an increase in the production demand. With the rise of application, M Porting got required by the customers to produce more so as to meet the market demand. In the next six months, they are expected to produce an average of one thousand standard canisters and five hundred discount canisters per month. An increase in demand has posed challenges to the production system. Changes are necessary to ensure the company remains profitable (Murray, 2009). M porting company outsources its sewing operations. The reason is that the current facility layout gets designed for product development rather than production. Outsourcing has led to additional labour cost and transportation cost that could get reduced. Besides, there is a product lead time. From the latter argument, outsourcing is both advantageous and disadvantageous if applied by M Porting Company. Donna, the other company owner, has decided to move the sewing operations to the facility. She has two sewing machines and has a challenge of whether to add more to ensure efficiency. The sewing operations are for manufacturing fabric covers and carrying straps (Bharadwaj, 2010). According to the provided indented bills of materials, every canister requires one fabric cover and one carrying strap. If every canister is attached to one fabric cover that conforms to its role, productivity rate is high. With a demand of fifteen thousand canisters, a total of fifteen thousand fabric covers and carrying straps remain required. Two sewing machines will, therefore, be inadequate. Table 1 on route sheets for parts and assemblies shows that a single sewing machine takes fifteen minutes to produce a single fabric cover and would take eight minutes to make a single carrying strap. If one device provides fabric covers and the other carrying straps, on average, for every fabric straps made, two carrying straps are built. This would slow down the assembly of canisters. With a slower rate over which the assembly cartridges offer productivity, this means that the overall productivity of the sewing device is reduced. An increase in the manufacture of fabric straps will require additional devices hence dividing the work among machines. This decision requires that available facility space should get considered (Jones, and Robinson, 2012). With a change of layout, Donna can add a sewing machine. Amending the design over which more devices can be added, the number of sewing machines would need to be increased respectively. The new engine matches the rate of production of fabric covers with that of carrying structures ensuring faster assembly, unlike the existing one. Further, there is a possibility to multitask the company's operations when using the new machine since it can produce more and in a diverse manner. I would recommend to Donna to change the layout of the companys facility. Change in design will increase space availability to accommodate all the operations. Once reorganised, Donna can add one more machine to the sewing area. Adding more than one machine will not only congest the space but will also be a wasted investment. More devices will end up underutilised. Further, Donna should avoid outsourcing of sewing operations for this leads to reduction and avoidance of incurring unnecessary expenditures. In conclusion, service management is necessary for an organisation to ensure operating costs get minimised. Cost minimization gets achieved by reducing or eliminating unnecessary cost. In M porting company, outsourcing of sewing operations increases its operational costs and deciding to carry out the whole manufacturing process reduces this costs. Increasing the number of machines by one also ensures efficiency. The management of M Porting Company needs to keep pace with the current demands, and this may be achievable by providing a responsive tune to the market demand, this is feasible by minimising costs as much as possible and optimising the opportunities for profitability. References Mayson, S., French, D., Ryan, C. (2007). Mayson, French and Ryan on company law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bharadwaj, N. (2010). BPEL PM and OSB operational management with Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub. Murray, B. (2009). Power markets economies: Structure, costs, operation. Chichester, West Sussex, and the United Kingdom: Wiley. Jones, P. Robinson, P. (2012). Operations management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Effects of Sarbanes †Oxley Act Essay Sample free essay sample

With the passage of Sarbanes – Oxley Act in 2002. corporations including foreign corporations and the external hearers have largely been affected and burdened with freshly found duties under the act. Companies are now responsible for a figure of coverage and enfranchisement duties ; whereas hearers have to presume extra duties of rating of internal control systems among others duties and organize an sentiment maintaining their independency intact. In this write up it has been tried to convey forth the existent effects of Sarbanes- Oxley act on these largely affected parties. viz. companies. external hearers and foreign corporations. ‘The Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 ( S-OX ) . passed in reaction to extremely publicised corporate dirts. requires high degrees of answerability from companies and their senior executives to verify the policies. procedure and processs behind each company’s fiscal studies. and every concern operations’ ( Craiq Rhinehart )1 Sarbanes Oxley Act is attracted to all companies. whether little or big if they Further there are certain specific commissariats that are applicable merely to listed companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Sarbanes – Oxley Act Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The major issues that are controlled under the act and impact the companies straight are discussed and detailed as under: â€Å"The SEC regulations require that a company files a study yearly on its internal control systems and such study contains the undermentioned component: Chief executive officer and CFO have to take a batch of duty into the working of the company. They must province that non merely they read the fiscal statements but besides reviewed the statements that are non misdirecting. The basic aim of SOX is to heighten investors’ assurance with peculiar mention to fiscal statements presented by the corporations. In order to inculcate such assurance. a organic structure called ‘Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board’ ( PCAOB ) has been established under the act. to supervise the fiscal statement audit of publically traded companies. The thought is to set up high auditing criterions in the state. The major stairss and ordinances under SOX through PCAOB in this respect are described and discussed as under: Bookkeeping. designing and execution of fiscal information systems. assessment or rating services. internal auditing. actuarial maps. investing adviser or securities firm maps. legal or expert services non related to audits. and any other services barred by the board. In fact external hearers are already non allowed by the professional organic structures from executing such services for the audit clients ; and such insistent directives of the board is an attempt to set rigorous control over the activities of external hearers. The thought is to do hearers independent in fact and in visual aspect. Sarbanes Oxley has put the efficiency and effectivity of scrutinizing tools to a existent trial. The full auditing procedure of judging the effectiveness internal control requires a complete inspection and repair in order to organize a true and just sentiment on the issues raised under Sox. Donald K. MacConnell Jr. and Georgey Y. Banks4in their article ‘The Sarbanes- Oxley will alter the audit process’ province that â€Å"internal control enfranchisement commissariats impose important duties both on direction and hearers. The former will hold to take ownership of the procedure of placing. documenting and measuring important controls. every bit good as finding which locations or concern units to measure. For hearers. supplying an sentiment on the effectivity of an entity’s internal controls is a important battle. † Further the article suggests that â€Å"In making the scrutiny the hearer must be after the battle to For foreign companies listed in the US the original day of the month of registering the conformity of July 15Thursday2005 was extended to July 15Thursday2006 chiefly because conformities for Sarbanes Oxley required sweeping prefabrication of the systems in and out of US. This was non merely clip devouring but a kind of waking up call for those foreign companies that are non used to such rigorous conformities. Conformity a dearly-won matter For foreign companies conformity with the commissariats of Sarbanes Oxley Act is a dearly-won matter. â€Å"Financial ; direction consultancy Parson Consulting estimates that following with Sarbanes Oxley would be the 70 British headquartered concerns included in their study a sum of $ 860 million. Another study of corporate board members conducted by executive- hunt house Korn/ Ferry International estimates that following would be the US companies surveyed an norm of $ 5. 1 million. † ( Beth Carney )3Seriously following with Sarbanes Oxley is a dearly-won personal businesss for foreign companies. Exodus of Foreign companies The immediate reaction of Sarbanes Oxley conformities on foreign companies is that those companies do non mean stay listed in Unites States. There is a kind of hegira of foreign companies. For a long clip foreign companies would come to the United States for the prestigiousness of being listed and of being able to claim that they had been able to run into the highest revelation criterion in the universe. But now conformities like Sarbanes Oxley have put interruptions to such listings as those companies do non mean to expose their inabilities to run into the dearly-won conformities and face the danger of acquiring delisted. Conflict with other countries’ regulations and ordinances Chief executive officers are required to vouch. to an extent. for the truth of fiscal statements. Foreign companies find no such usage in their states. Companies in other states put an statement that as US Torahs have lost religion in accounting profession. they are go throughing the vaulting horse to CEOs to reconfirm the truth of fiscal statements. This is truly unacceptable to them as it is non necessary that all CEOs are accountancy experts themselves. This is simply a shifting of duties. What will go on if US Torahs start fring religion in CEOs after some mishappening like Enron. Foreign companies find sox commissariats logically unfit to maintain on operating in US. Problems with fundamental law of audit commission There is no representations of employees in the audit commissions. and formation of audit commission wholly barren employees of company. Fiscal statements are the consequences of executings of management’s directives to employees. who really perform to accomplish the consequences. Surprisingly such an of import group does non happen a topographic point in audit commission. Foreign companies feel that such an act is non democratic and their dorsum place components decline to be portion such undemocratic formation of audit commissions. Mentions 1Craiq Rhinehart. E-mail Management and Sarbanes Oxley Compliance. Sarbanes- Oxley Compliance Journal. June 8. 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sox. com/feature/article. cfm? articleID=913 2Michael Ramos. Section 404 conformity in the Annual Report. Journal of Accountancy online. October 2004. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aicpa. org/pubs/jofa/oct2004/ramos. htm 3Beth Carney. Foreign Outfits rue Sarbanes- Oxley. Business Week. December 2004. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash/dec2004/nf20041215_9306_db016. htm 4Donald K. MacConnell r. and Georgey Y. Banks. How Sarbanes- Oxley will alter the audit procedure. Journal of Accountancy online. September 2003. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aicpa. org/pubs/jofa/sep2003/mcconn. htm

The Vietnam Conflict Began In The Late Nineteenth Century. The Essays

The Vietnam conflict began in the late nineteenth century. The French conquered Vietnam and made it a protectorate. For nearly forty years, Vietnam had not experienced settled peace. The League for the Independence of Vietnam ( Viet Minh ) was formed in 1941, seeking independence from the French. On September 2nd,1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed it independent of France. The French opposed their independence from 1945 to 1954. The first representatives of de Gualle's government landed by parachute in Saigon and Hanoi on August 23rd, 1945. The French wanted to reestablish their rule in Vietnam but were beaten at the battle of Dien Bien Phu on May 7th, 1954. The French Expeditionary Force tried to prevent the Viet Minh from entering Laos and Dien Bien Phu was the place chosen to do so. The French were not very careful and this allowed the Viet Minh to cut off their airway to Hanoi. After a siege that had lasted for fifty - five days, the French surrendered. Ho Chi Minh led the war against France and won. After the war there was a conference in Geneva where Vietnam was divided into two parts along the seventeenth parallel. North Vietnam was mainly Communist and supported Ho Chi Minh, while the south was supported by the United States and the French were based there. There was still some Communist rebels within South Vietnam. These were the Viet Cong. The South Vietnam ruler was Ngo Dinh Diem who was anti - Communist. At the conference, Laos and Cambodia became independent states. North Vietnam wished to unify North and South Vietnam through military force. Since the United States feared the spread of communism in Asia, John F. Kennedy provided economic and military aid to South Vietman to prevent the takeover by North Vietnam. At this time, this was still a civil war. The United States were not yet officially involved. The North Vietnamese resented the little intervention by the United Sates and so, three Vietnamese torpedo boats fired on the U.S. destroyer, " Maddox " on August 2nd, 1964. The " Maddox " had been in the Gulf of Tonkin ( international waters ), thirty miles off the coast of Vietnam. On August 3rd, 1964, Johnson gave the right " to attack with the objective of destroying attacking forces " ( Pimlott 1982, 36 ). Retaliation air attacks began on August 3rd. Their aim was to destroy North Vietnam's gunboat capability. As two more United States destroyers were supposedly sunk, more air and sea forces were sent ( Wicker August 5, 1964, 1 ). Up until now, the U.S. had refrained from direct combat. This is when the United States formally entered the Vietman War. The U.S. did this for two reasons. We wished to maintain the independence of South Vietnam and we had to prove to allied nations that we would help them resist Communist overtaking. As Congress was about to vote whether or not to allow the combat to move into North Vietnam, the North Vietnamese attacked a major U.S. airbase at Bein Hoa. On February 7th, 1965, Johnson ordered retaliation bombing on North Vietnam. Rolling Thunder was the name of this operation. It's purpose was to put pressure on Hanoi and convince them that Communism could not and would not win. At the end of 1965, one hundred and eighty thousand Americans were in South Vietnam under General William S. Westmoreland (Encyclopedia Britannica, 12, 361 ). The U.S. mainly depended on superior firepower and helicopters. The Viet Cong and North Vietnamese depended on surprise attack and concealment. The United States soldiers realized that the war would last for many more years and wondered if the U.S. war effort could succeed. At the end of 1968, The number of American troops in South Vietnam reached it's peak of 542, 000 men ( Pimlott 1982, 53 ). The Viet Cong and North Vietnamese launched a major invasion against the United States called the Tet offensive from January 30th to February 25th, 1968. At the Khe Sanh U.S. firebase, there was a major ground battle. There was a siege from January 21st to April 14th. It was thought to be the " American Dien Bien Phu ". The United States turned it around however, with their victory at Hue. By 1969, combat decreased rapidly and American troops began to return home. The role of Communism was extremely important in this conflict. Communism was one of the main reasons of why the United States entered the war in the first place. The U.S. " had " to enter the war to stop the spread of Communism

What is a Persuasive Essay Sample?

What is a Persuasive Essay Sample?A lot of people would go for the TASC Argumentative Essay Sample, a valuable tool that can help a student to be able to create a good paper. This is not so simple, though, because this is really an example of persuasive writing.Persuasive writing is a special type of essay that aims to persuade a reader of one's point of view. To understand this better, consider a man who uses statistics to make a case against the utility of nuclear power. Using his own words as well as supporting references, he outlines the scientific and technological flaws of nuclear power, showing how the use of nuclear energy makes no sense at all.It is important to demonstrate the shortcomings of a particular position in order to be able to convince a reader of your point of view. This is all about being able to persuade the reader that what you are saying makes sense. You can use very complex and technical methods to do this but it should always be done with an engaging style. In addition, you should use one of the several Argumentative Essay Examples that TASC has provided to provide you with a better idea of what one should expect.It's difficult to persuade a reader if you do not know what to use as well as which rhetorical tactics to use. TASC has provided a range of examples that allow you to easily get an idea of what it takes to write a persuasive essay. These include persuasive essay examples written by master speech writers and some commonly used and recommended methods of argumentation.The examples will explain how to build the case for or against a particular topic. Once you have made the case, you should follow it up with a persuasive conclusion. The conclusion should be supported by supporting data and facts.Persuasive essay examples will show you how to be more persuasive. For example, you will learn to construct better persuasive arguments using study guides. These can help you to construct a strong argument in a short space of time.The per suasive essay examples will teach you how to relate all the information in your essay to your main point. These are the two most important skills needed to write a persuasive essay. In addition, you will learn how to connect your essay to other essays by linking them together, making it easier to relate to others.Using this Argumentative Essay Sample will help you to write a persuasive essay. And the best thing is that you can access an extensive range of material from a website that will help you do just that.

Physics Personal Statement †Useful Pointers Essays

Physics Personal Statement – Useful Pointers Essays Physics Personal Statement – Useful Pointers Essay Physics Personal Statement – Useful Pointers Essay A Physics personal statement is a necessary requirement which you will need to take care of at the time of applying for admission in a college for a Masters program. It is a statement which focuses on the strengths of the applicant and to show the appraisers that he/she is the best fit. A typical Physics statement also includes the applicant’s personal qualities, future goals and reasons for applying in the field of Physics. Since it is a very important task for every hopeful applicant, it is necessary that one should put extra care in writing a convincing statement. Let us take a look at some useful pointers that can help the candidate in emerging with a compelling personal statement and securing a seat in his/her desired college. The first paragraph of the statement which is the introduction contains the motivational story of the applicant. It tells the readers how the applicant was motivated or inspired to seek a career in the complex field of Physics. Providing that the introduction is the very first paragraph of the statement it is very important that this paragraph should be made attractive and pleasing to the eyes. It is also important to discuss one or more work experience which is related to your passion for studying Physics. Your work experience will demonstrate your strength to the admission committee. It is true that you cannot only rely on one or two motivational stories to get you in the degree program you seek, but you also have to back up your passion by discussing the experience that you have had after completing your undergraduate in Physics. University likes to see how the candidate would add the community of Physics. So it is a golden opportunity for the candidate to highlight his qualities or strengths and exhibit that he is the most suitable candidate for their academia. For instance, if you have an inspiring background and a sufficient working experience in Physics, you should include it in the statement to elevate your chances of gaining the admission. It is recommended that the statement must be revised before it is turned in. By revising the statement you make sure that your Physics statement is written at instructed by the committee and it doesn’t contain any sort of error that could detriment the quality. The aforementioned pointers need to be taken care of to ensure that the Physics personal statement is immaculate.